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1、Coercion,Culture,andContracts:LaborandDebtonHenequenHaciendasinYucatán,Mexico,1870–1915LEEJ.ALSTON,SHANNANMATTIACE,ANDTOMASNONNENMACHERThehenequenboomcoincidedwiththeruleofPorfirioDíaz(1876–1911).Duringtheboom,manyMayainYucatanlosttheirrightstolandandmovedtohe
2、nequenhaciendas.Aspartoftheimplicitcontractwithhacendados,peonsaccumulatedlargedebtsatthetimeofmarriage,mostofwhichwereneverrepaid.Wearguethatthedebtsboundworkerstothehaciendaaspartofasystemofpaternalismandthatmoreproductiveworkersincurredmoredebt.Weexaminethe
3、institutionalsettinginwhichdebtoperatedandstresstheformalandinformalinstitutionalcontextswithinwhichhacendadosandworkersnegotiatedcontracts.“DebtandcontractslaveryistheprevailingsystemofproductionalloverthesouthofMexico...Debt,realorimagi-nary,isthenexusthatbi
4、ndsthepeontohismaster...probably5,000,000people,orone-thirdoftheentirepopulation,aretodaylivinginastateofhelplesspeonage.”1JohnKennethTurnerJohnKennethTurner’saccountofdebtpeonageinYucatán—firstpublishedinthemuckrakingjournal,theAmericanMagazine—madeanimmediat
5、eimpactonAmericans’perceptionsoftheirsoutherlyneighbors,andbecamethetexttowhichallfuturescholarsofYucatán’slaborconditionsfirstturn.TurnerbuiltacompellingTheJournalofEconomicHistory,Vol.69,No.1(March2009).©TheEconomicHistoryAssociation.Allrightsreserved.ISSN00
6、22-0507.LeeJ.AlstonisProfessor,DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofColoradoatBoulder,256USB,Boulder,CO80309–0256.E-mail:Lee.Alston@colorado.edu.ShannanMattiaceisAssociateProfessor,DepartmentofPoliticalScience,AlleghenyCollege,520NorthMainStreet,Meadville,PA16335
7、.E-mail:shannan.mattiace@allegheny.edu.TomasNonnenmacherisAssociateProfessor,DepartmentofEconomics,AlleghenyCollege,520NorthMainStreet,Meadville,PA16335.E-mail:tomas.nonnenmacher@allegheny.edu.ForcommentswethankDanBogart,SteveCasler,AlanDye,PaulEiss,StanleyEng
8、erman,LuisMilletCámara,HerbertNickel,PiedadPeniche,AndrewSeltzer,AllenWells,twoanonym-ousreferees,participantsatthe2007AnnualMeetingoftheInternationalSocietyoftheNewInstitutionalEc
