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1、第三讲名词;名词词组;名词属格;限定词;代词是什么让我们爱上旅行?thereasonwhywearelovetravelingWhatattractsusfallinlovewithtravel?anydifferencebetweenthem???Isitasentenceor…?thereasonwhywelovetravelingNounphrase限定词名词后置修饰语动名词名词词组的句法功能theauthor’snewnovelthatwillsooncomeout限定词修饰语名词后置修饰语名词词组的句法功能Somecr
2、isp,tastyredapplesIjustboughtforChristmas限定词前置修饰语名词后置修饰语I.名词(根据不同角度,分类不同)构词法:简单名词man,chair,land,water,gas,beauty复合名词airport,armchair,seaside派生名词arrangement,expectation,ability,questionnaire词汇意义:普通名词house,tiger,insect,family,air,honesty,education专有名词(个人,国家,地方,机构,组织)Au
3、stralia,BigBen,thePeople’sCongress,theDemocraticParty,TheNewYorkTimes,TheEconomist语法意义:可数名词Bag,student,house,box,hero,boy,photo,foot,city不可数名词advice,baggage,change(零钱),traffic,experience,failure,fun,health,ice,industry,kindness,labor,luck,marriage,music,nature,paper名
4、词的复数构成方式:名词后直接加-s。清辅音后读[s];浊辅音和元音后读[z].desksdogsapplesdays以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词加-es[iz].buseswatchesboxesclassesbrushes以“辅音+y”结尾的名词,先把y变成i,再加上-es[iz].factoriescountriescitiesbabies以“元音+y”结尾的名词,或以y结尾的专有名词直接加-s[z].boysdaysGermans5)以”辅音字母+o”结尾的名词,加-es[iz]heroestomatoespot
5、atoeszeroesHeroeseattomatoesandpotatoes.大多数以o结尾的外来词,缩略词直接加-s.radiosphotospianoszoosbamboos6)以f和fe结尾的名词的复数有三种情况:a)直接加-s.一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。b)变f或fe为-ves.一个贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒着生命(life)危险用半(half)片树叶(leaf)似的小刀(knife)杀死了一只狼
6、(wolf)。c)handkerchief的复数形式有两种。handkerchiefshandkerchieves7)以th结尾的名词后直接加-s.长元音后读[ðz];短元音和辅音后读[θs]mouthspathsmonths8)不规则变化①foot→feettooth-teethgoose-geesechild→childrenmouse→mice②单复数同形。sheepdeerfish③表示“某国人”的名词。(单复数同形)中日瑞士是一致ChineseJapaneseSwiss英法联盟a改eEnglishmanFrenchma
7、n其它一般加-sGermansAmericans④复合名词的复数boy-friendgoldwatchpasser-bysister-in-lawmen-doctorswomensingerssesss⑤有些名词的复数形式表示特别的意义。papers(报纸,稿件)works(工厂,作品)times(时代)drinks(饮料)manners(礼貌)⑥部分物质名词可以用复数表示种类。silksfruitsfoods⑦word用做“消息”“通知”不与冠词连用,也不用复数。Wordcamethathewonthefirstprize.k
8、eepone’swordhaveaword/afewwordswithsb.havewordswithsb.inawordinotherwords备注:有些名词只有复数形式。例如。goods(货物)glasses(眼镜)compasses(圆规)thanks(感