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1、YuanjiangPanZhejiangUniversity2014.11.20StilbenesfromParthenocissuslaetevirens:Isolation,BioactivityandImplicationofChemicalDefenseSysteminPlantPNAS,1999,96,13620.diterpeneantifeedantactivityforbeetlePNAS,2000,97,14406.Malesofthemothacquirebyfeedingontheex
2、crescentfluidsofcertainplantsTheyincorporatethealkaloidsystemicallyandasaresultareprotectedagainstspiders.pyrrolizidinealkaloidChemicalDefenseinFlowerIntheflowerofHypericumcalycinum,dearomatizedisoprenylatedphloroglucinols(DIPs)areresponsiblefortheUVdemarc
3、ations.DIPsfulfillbothavisualandadefensivefunction.DIPsalsoserveforprotectionoffemalereproductivestructuresinotherplants.GronquestM.,et.al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,2001,98,13745ChemicalDefenseinCatepillarPinoresinol,alignanofwidedistributioninplants,isfo
4、undtooccurasaminorcomponentinthedefensivesecretionproducedbyglandularhairsofcaterpillarsofthecabbagebutterfly,Pierisrapae.SchroederF.C.,et.al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,2006,103,15497ROS:reactiveoxygenspeciesROSincludebothradicalsandnon-radicals.Theyaregen
5、erallyverysmallmoleculesandarehighlyreactiveduetothepresenceofunpairedvalenceshellelectrons.ROSsformasnaturalbyproductsofnormalmetabolismofoxygenandplayimportantrolesincellsignaling.CircuM.L.,et.al.,FreeRadic.Biol.Med.,2010,48,749-762EndogenousSourcesofROS
6、ExogenousSourcesofROSRadiationUVlight,x-rays,γ-raysChemicalsthatreacttoformperoxidesozone,singletoxygenChemicalsthatpromotesuperoxideformationquinones,nitroaromatics,bipyrimidiuliumherbicidesChemicalsthataremetabolizedtoradicalspolyhalogenatedalkanes,amino
7、phenolsChemicalsthatreleaseironferritinROS&ProteinDamageChangC.J.,et.al.,Nat.Chem.Biol.,2011,7,504-511Aone-electronreductionofmolecularoxygen,eitherfromtheelectrontransportchain(ETC)orthroughtheactionofNADPHoxidases(NOX),yieldssuperoxide([O2]•−).Superoxide
8、isconvertedtohydrogenperoxide(H2O2)bysuperoxidedismutase(SOD)orbydismutationinaqueoussolution.ROS&CellDamageFinkelT.,HolbrookN.J.,Nature2000,408,239-246ROSdamages&relateddiseasesRelatedDiseasesInflammationAth
