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1、INTERNATIONALJOURNALFORNUMERICALMETHODSINENGINEERING,VOL.2,419-451(1970)ANALYSISOFTHICKANDTHINSHELLSTRUCTURESBYCURVEDFINITEELEMENTSSOHRABUDDINAHMAD*CivilEngineeringDepartment,UniversityofEngineeringandTechnology,Dacca,EastPakistanBRUCEM.IRONS?AND0.C.ZIENKIEWICZ$C
2、ivilEngineeringDepartment,UniversityofWales,SwanseaSUMMARYAgeneralformulationforthecurved,arbitraryshapeofthickshellfiniteelementsispresentedinthispaperalongwithasimplifiedformforaxisymmetricsituations.Anumberofexamplesrangingfromthintothickshellapplicationsaregi
3、ven,whichincludeacoolingtower,watertanks,anidealizedarchdamandanactualarchdamwithdeformablefoundation.Anewprocessusingcurved,thickshellfiniteelementsisdevelopedovercomingthepreviousapproximationstothegeometryofthestructureandtheneglectofsheardeformation.Ageneralf
4、ormulationforacurved,arbitraryshapeofshellisdevelopedaswellasasimplifiedformsuitableforaxisymmetricsituations.Severalillustratedexamplesrangingfromthintothickshellapplicationsaregiventoassesstheaccuracyofsolutionattainable.Theseexamplesincludeacoolingtower;tanks,
5、andanidealizeddamforwhichmanyalternativesolutionswereused.Theusefulnessofthedevelopmentinthecontextofarchdams,wherea‘thickshell’situationexists,leadsinpracticetoafullerdiscussionofproblemsoffoundationdeformation,etc.,sothatpracticalapplicationbecomespossibleandec
6、onomical.INTRODUCTIONTheanalysisofshellswithanarbitrarilydefinedshapepresentsintractableanalyticalproblems.If,inaddition,theshellisathickoneinwhichsheardeformationissignificanttheapplicabilityofclassicalapproachesbecomequestionable.Incivilengineeringstructuresran
7、gingfromwatertanksandcoolingtowerstopressurevesselsandarchdams,thesedifficultiesmustbeovercomeifsatisfactory(andhopefullyoptimized)designsareevertobeachieved.Twopathsareatpresentpossible-structuralmodelsandnumericalanalysisbycomputer.Bothpresenttheirowndifficulti
8、esbutclearlyfordesignpurposesthelatterismoreconvenient.Informulatingnumericalsolutionstoelasticshellproblemsmanyalternativeapproximationsmaybeused.Thatofthefin
