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1、T.Belytschko,Introduction,December16,1998CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONbyTedBelytschkoNorthwesternUniversityCopyright19961.1NONLINEARFINITEELEMENTSINDESIGNNonlinearfiniteelementanalysisisanessentialcomponentofcomputer-aideddesign.Testingofprototypesisincreasinglybeingreplacedbysimulationwith
2、nonlinearfiniteelementmethodsbecausethisprovidesamorerapidandlessexpensivewaytoevaluatedesignconceptsanddesigndetails.Forexample,inthefieldofautomotivedesign,simulationofcrashesisreplacingfullscaletests,bothfortheevaluationofearlydesignconceptsanddetailsofthefinaldesign,suchasaccel
3、erometerplacementforairbagdeployment,paddingoftheinterior,andselectionofmaterialsandcomponentcross-sectionsformeetingcrashworthinesscriteria.Inmanyfieldsofmanufacturing,simulationisspeedingthedesignprocessbyallowingsimulationofprocessessuchassheet-metalforming,extrusionofparts,andc
4、asting.Intheelectronicsindustries,simulationisreplacingdrop-testsfortheevaluationofproductdurability.Forbothusersanddevelopersofnonlinearfiniteelementprograms,anunderstandingofthefundamentalconceptsofnonlinearfiniteelementanalysisisessential.Withoutanunderstandingofthefundamentals,
5、ausermusttreatthefiniteelementprogramasablackboxthatprovidessimulations.However,evenmoresothanlinearfiniteelementanalysis,nonlinearfiniteelementanalysisconfrontstheuserwithmanychoicesandpitfalls.Withoutanunderstandingoftheimplicationandmeaningofthesechoicesanddifficulties,auserisat
6、aseveredisadvantage.Thepurposeofthisbookistodescribethemethodsofnonlinearfiniteelementanalysisforsolidmechanics.Ourintentistoprovideanintegratedtreatmentsothatthereadercangainanunderstandingofthefundamentalmethods,afeelingforthecomparativeusefulnessofdifferentapproachesandanappreci
7、ationofthedifficultieswhichlurkinthenonlinearworld.Atthesametime,enoughdetailabouttheimplementationofvarioustechniquesisgivensothattheycanbeprogrammed.Nonlinearanalysisconsistsofthefollowingsteps:1.developmentofamodel;2.formulationofthegoverningequations;3.discretizationoftheequati
8、ons;4.solutionoftheequatio
