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ID:40006379
大小:3.22 MB
页数:32页
时间:2019-07-17
《01_Van de Ven & Poole 1995》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、1995VandeVenandPoole519analysis.OrganizationalscholarswhoadoptDarwinianevolution(e.g..Hannan&Freeman.1977.1989;McKelvey.1982)arguethattraitsarein•heritedthroughintergenerationalprocesses.whereasthosewhofollowLamarck(e.g..Boyd&Richerson.1985;Burgelman.1991;Singh&Lums•den.1990;Weick.
2、1979)arguethattraitsareacquiredwithinagenerationthroughlearningandimitation.ALamarckianviewontheacquisitionoftraitsappearsmoreappropriatethanstrictDarwinismfororganizationandmanagementapplications.AsMcKelvey(1982)pointedout.strictDar•winistshavedevelopednoadequatesolutionstooperati
3、onallyidentifyanorganizationalgeneration.Darwiniantheoristsemphasizeacontinuousandgradualprocessofevolution.InTheOriginofSpecies.Darwin(1936:361)wrote."asnaturalselectionactssolelybyaccumulatingslight.successive.favourablevari•ations.itcanproducenogreatorsuddenmodifications;itcanac
4、tonlybyshortandslowsteps."Otherevolutionistspositasaltationtheoryofevo•lution.suchaspunctuatedequilibrium(Arnold&Fristrup.1982;Gould&Eldridge.1977).Whetherchangeproceedsatgradualversussaltationratesisanempiricalmatter.Thus.therateofchangedoesnotfundamen•tallyalterthetheoryofevoluti
5、on(asithasbeenadoptedbyorganizationandmanagementscholars).ThepaleontologistGould(1989)arguedthatanotherbasicdistinctionbetweenDarwinianevolutionandhispunctuatedequilibriumtheoryishierarchicallevel.Astley(1985)andBaumandSingh(1994)madethisdistinction.butTushmanandRomanelli(1985)didn
6、ot.Gould(1989)pointedoutthatclassicalDarwinismlocatesthesortingofevolutionarychangeatasinglelevelofobjects.Thissortingisnaturalselectionop•eratingthroughthedifferentialbirthsanddeathsoforganisms.asexem•plifiedinmanystudiesonorganizationalbirthanddeathratesbypopu•lationecologists.(S
7、eereviewsinCarrollandHannan.1989.andHannanandFreeman.1989.)Gould'spunctuatedequilibriummodeladdsahier•archicaldimensiontoevolutionarytheorybydistinguishingthissorting(thegrowthordeclineoforganismsofagivenspeciesthroughdifferentialbirthanddeathrates)fromspeciation(theprocessbywhichn
8、ewspeciesorasubgenusisform
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