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1、ARTICLEdoi:10.1038/nature11650Analysisofthebreadwheatgenomeusingwhole-genomeshotgunsequencing122313RachelBrenchley,ManuelSpannagl,MatthiasPfeifer,GaryL.A.Barker,RosalindaD’Amore,AlexandraM.Allen,45661444NeilMcKenzie,MelissaKramer,ArnaudKerhornou,DanBolser,Suzann
2、eKay,DarrenWaite,MartinTrick,IanBancroft,778991076YongGu,NaxinHuo,Ming-ChengLuo,SunishSehgal,BikramGill,SharyarKianian,OlinAnderson,PaulKersey,8512341JanDvorak,W.RichardMcCombie,AnthonyHall,KlausF.X.Mayer,KeithJ.Edwards,MichaelW.Bevan&NeilHallBreadwheat(Triticum
3、aestivum)isagloballyimportantcrop,accountingfor20percentofthecaloriesconsumedbyhumans.Majoreffortsareunderwayworldwidetoincreasewheatproductionbyextendinggeneticdiversityandanalysingkeytraits,andgenomicresourcescanaccelerateprogress.Butsofartheverylargesizeandpo
4、lyploidcomplexityofthebreadwheatgenomehavebeensubstantialbarrierstogenomeanalysis.Herewereportthesequencingofitslarge,17-gigabase-pair,hexaploidgenomeusing454pyrosequencing,andcomparisonofthiswiththesequencesofdiploidancestralandprogenitorgenomes.Weidentifiedbet
5、ween94,000and96,000genes,andassignedtwo-thirdstothethreecomponentgenomes(A,BandD)ofhexaploidwheat.High-resolutionsyntenymapsidentifiedmanysmalldisruptionstoconservedgeneorder.Weshowthatthehexaploidgenomeishighlydynamic,withsignificantlossofgenefamilymembersonpol
6、yploidizationanddomestication,andanabundanceofgenefragments.Severalclassesofgenesinvolvedinenergyharvesting,metabolismandgrowthareamongexpandedgenefamiliesthatcouldbeassociatedwithcropproductivity.Ouranalyses,coupledwiththeidentificationofextensivegeneticvariati
7、on,providearesourceforacceleratinggenediscoveryandimprovingthismajorcrop.1Withaglobaloutputof681milliontonnesin2011,breadwheatanalysisofgenecontenthasyettobeconductedowingtoitslargesize,2accountsfor20%ofthecaloriesconsumedbyhumansandisanrepeatcontentandpolyploid
8、complexity.importantsourceofprotein,vitaminsandminerals.ItoriginatedWehaveanalysedalow-coverage,long-read(454)shotgunfromhybridizationbetweencultivatedtetraploidemmer