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1、HuddlingundertheImperialUmbrella:AKoreanApproachtoMingChinaintheEarly1500sSeungB.KyeJournalofKoreanStudies,Volume15,Number1,Fall2010,pp.41-66(Article)PublishedbyColumbiaUniversity,TheCenterforKoreanResearchintheWeatherheadEastAsianInstituteForadditionalinformationa
2、boutthisarticlehttps://muse.jhu.edu/article/410182AccessprovidedbyYonseiUniversity(3Oct201605:19GMT)HuddlingundertheImperialUmbrella:AKoreanApproachtoMingChinaintheearly1500sSeungB.KyeByexaminingthefrequencyandpurposeofvoluntarymissionsofcongratula-tionstoBeijingin
3、theearly1500s,thisarticleexploresthechangingChosŏnattitudetowardsMingChinaandinterpretsthecloseandmutuallybeneficialrelationshipbetweenKingChungjong(r.1506–45)andtheJiajingEmperor(r.1521–66).InstalledasanominalkingbycoupleadersunderthesituationinwhichtheKoreanelite
4、s’viewof“servingMingChina”wasintransitionfromconditionalandpracticaltounconditionalandideological,andthreatenedbyboththemeritsubjects’arbitrarinessandConfucianmoralists’fundamentalism,ChungjongwasveryeagertolinkhimselfmoreintimatelywiththeMingemperor,thehigherautho
5、rity,fromwhichhereceivedinvestiture.TotheJiajingEmperor,whofrequentlyprovokedhisofficialswithavarietyofritualcontroversies,thecongratulatorymissionsfromChosŏn,theEasternLandofPropriety,werewel-comeguests.Theemperorandthekingbecameintimatewitheachotherinthiswayforth
6、esakeoftheirownpoliticalpurposes,andtheirrelationshipinevitablyinfluencedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.Throughoutthe1400sasortofutilitarianandsomewhatcontractualrelationwiththeMingprevailed.Sadae(C.shida),literallymeaning“servingtheGreat,”or“servingMingChina”i
7、nthecaseofChosŏn,impliedthatthesuzerainstatecouldbereplaceddependingontheinternationalsituation.Intheearly1500s,however,thispoliticalbondwasreinforcedwithafather-sonrelationshipastheChosŏnelitesbegantoviewtheMingemperorasaritualfatheraswellasthesuzerain.1Thischange
8、issignificantbecause,unlikethevalueofloyaltytotheSeungB.KyeearnedhisdoctorateinhistoryattheUniversityofWashingtonin2006.HecurrentlyworksfortheDep
