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页数:15页
时间:2019-07-09
《6. Groundless beliefs资料》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、6.GroundlessBeliefsInfuturewearegoingtofollowthepractice----untilitbecomeahabit----ofclassifyingpropositionsaccordingtotheirgrounds.Ofeverystatementwecomeacross,weshallask:"HOWDOWEKONWTHAT?WHATREASONHAVEWEFORBELIEVINGTHAT?ONWHATGROUNGISTHATSTATEMENTBASED?"
2、Probablyweshallbeastonishedatthenumberofpropositionsmetwithineverydaylifewhichweshallfinditnecessarytoclassasgroundless.Theyrestuponmeretradition,oronsomebody’sbareassertionunsupportedbyevenashadowofproof......Itmaybeabeliefwhichweoriginallyacceptedasaresu
3、ltofsimple"suggestion"andwehavecontinuedtoholditeversince.Ithasnowbecomeoneofourregularhabitsofthought.Perhapssomebody-somewhere-sometimetoldusacertainthing,andquiteuncriticallyweacceptedandbelievedit.Perhapsitwaswaybackinourearlychildhood---beforewehadeve
4、ndevelopedthepowerofquestioninganythingthatmightbetoldtous.Manyofourstrongestconvictionswereestablishedthen;andnow,inaboutlife,wefinditmostdifficulteventoquestiontheirtruth.Theyseemtous"obviously"true.ButifthestaunchestRomeCatholicandthestaunchestPresbyter
5、ianhadbeenexchangedwheninfants,andiftheyhadbeenbroughtupwithhomeandallotherinfluencesreversedwecanhaveverylittledoubtwhattheresultwouldhavebeen.Itisconsistentwithallourknowledgeofpsychologytoconcludethateachwouldhavegrownupholdingexactlytheoppositebeliefst
6、othoseheholdsnow...andeachwouldthenhaveleftassureofthetruthofhisopinionashenowfeels---oftruthoftheoppositeopinion.Thesamethingistrue,ofcourse,ofmanybeliefsotherthanthoseofareligiousnature.Ifwehadgrownupinacommunitywherepolygamyorhead-huntingorinfanticide,o
7、rgladiatorialfighting,orduelling,wasregardedasthenormalandnaturalthing---thenweshouldhavegrownuptoregarditas"obviously"naturalandperfectlymoralandproper.IfanEnglishbabyhadbeenadoptedandbroughtupinaGermanhome,andhadgrownupwithnoknowledgethathisparentswereEn
8、glish,allthesentimentsandbeliefsofthatpersonwouldbe"German"andnot"English."Manyofourbeliefs---manyofourmostdeeply-rootedandfundamentalconvictions---areheldsimplyasaresultsofthefactthatwehappentohavebeen"broug
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