An analysis of European low-cost airlines and their networks

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1、JournalofTransportGeography14(2006)249–264www.elsevier.com/locate/jtrangeoAnanalysisofEuropeanlow-costairlinesandtheirnetworksFre´de´ricDobruszkes*Universite´LibredeBruxelles,LaboratoryofHumanGeography,BoulevardduTriompheCP246,1050Brussels,BelgiumAbstractThegrowthoflow-costca

2、rriers(LCCs)iscurrentlyfocusedontheWesternEuropeanmarket,wheretheyrepresentthemostdeter-miningfactorintheevolutionofairlinenetworks.Inthisarea,theystandfor18%ofthetotalairtransportsupplyaccordingtoseats.Limitedtoshortandmediumhaulflights,networksarenottooconcentrated(nohubs).T

3、heyareNorth–South,andcompetewith—whentheyhavenotreplaced—somecharterroutes.Theuseofairfreedomsbeyondthefourthisstilllimited,butexclusiveroutesareafrequentphenomenonlinkedtotheoptionforsecondary(urbanorregional)airportsand/orniches.Finally,low-costcarriersgivefreshimpetustopoi

4、nt-to-pointroutesbydrawingnewnetworkscomplementingthoseoffullservicenet-workcarriers(FSNCs).Ifnohubsassuchcanbefoundinthesenewnetworks,significantconcentrationscharacterizethemajorbases.Thegeographyoflow-costnetworksistoalargeextentthegeographyofEUairtransportliberalization.Ó2

5、005ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Low-costcarriers;Low-costnetworks;Charters;Regionalairports;Secondaryairports1.Introductiontheyhavetransported26.4and24.3millionspassengers,1respectively.Furthermore,RyanairandeasyJethaveInEurope,thedevelopmentoflow-costcarriers(LCCs)

6、ordered125/120newaeroplanesin2002withanotherisasignificantfactorintheevolutionofairlinenetworks,optionof125/120for2003.Thisgivesanideaoftheircompetition,anddemandtrend.PioneeredbyPacificambitions(considering,ofcourse,thatsomeofthoseSouthWestandcopiedin1973bySouthwest,evenbefore

7、planesareintendedtoreplaceolderfleet).Ryanairplan2theliberalizationof1978,theLCCconceptbecameestab-tocarry70millionpassengersin2012.lishedinEuropein1995withtheadoptionofthatmodelManyacademicpapershaverecentlybeenpublishedonbyRyanair(Decker,2004).LCCs.Franke(2004)andTretheway(2

8、004)discusstheThepresenceofLCCsissignificanttoday.Allthesignscompetit