Enoch_The Disorder of Public Reason

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1、REVIEWESSAYTheDisorderofPublicReason*DavidEnochAVERYQUICKOVERVIEWMuchofpoliticalphilosophy—certainlyintheliberaltradition—iscon-cernedwithanattempttoreconcilethetensionwithwhichRousseauopensTheSocialContract:Manisbornfree;andeverywhereheisinchainsðJ.J.Rousseau,TheSocialContrac

2、t½Hertfordshire:WordsworthEditions,1998,5Þ.Butthistraditionhasmissedthescopeoftheprob-lem.Foritsnotjustpoliticalobligationthatrestrictspeoplesfreedom,thatmakespurportedlyauthoritativedemandsonthem,inawaythatisinitiallyintensionwiththeirbeingfree.Suchdemandsarealsomadebysocialm

3、orality,thesetofsocial-moralrulesthatrequireorprohibitac-tion,andsogroundmoralimperativesthatwedirecttoeachothertoen-gagein,orrefrainfrom,certainlinesofconductð2Þ.Whatweneed,then,isnotjustawayofreconcilingpoliticalauthoritywithfreedom.Weneedawayofreconcilingtheauthorityofsocia

4、lmorality,ormoralobligation,withfreedomðe.g.,224Þ.Now,wehavetofacethefacts.Thereisnotgoingtobeanykindofconsensusonanythinginthevicinityhere.Disagreementisheretostay,notjustamongusfolkbutalsoamongtherealisticallyidealizedMem-bersofthePublicð27Þ.Differentpeople,anddifferentMembe

5、rsofthePublicðhenceforth,MPsÞ,havedifferentevaluativestandards,believetheyhavedifferentreasonsforactions,andsoon.Evenwhentheyagreeonwhatisofvalue,theydisagreeontrade-offratesbetweenvaluesð536Þ.So*AcriticalstudyofGeraldGaussTheOrderofPublicReason:ATheoryofFreedomandMoralityinaD

6、iverseandBoundedWorldðCambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2011Þ,pp.642,$99.00ðclothÞ.Allreferencestochapters,sections,andpagenumbersaretothisbook,unlessotherwisenoted.Fordetailed,extremelyhelpfulcommentsonanearlierdraft,IthankananonymousreaderforEthics.Ethics124(October2013):1–

7、36©2013byTheUniversityofChicago.Allrightsreserved.0014-1704/2013/12401-00XX$10.00113187.proof.3d1AchornInternational06/27/20132:34AM2EthicsOctober2013consensusonreasonstoendorsetherulesofsocialmoralityisnottobehad.Luckily,though,norisitnecessary.Convergenceisquiteenoughðe.g.,x

8、vi,283,etc.Þ.Theproblemisthatasocialmoralitythatmakesdemandsq