Maori Culture Part 2

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1、MaoriCulturePart2MaraeinNewZealandInMāorisociety,themaraeisaplacewheretheculturecanbecelebrated,wheretheMāorilanguagecanbespoken,whereintertribalobligationscanbemet,wherecustomscanbeexploredanddebated,wherefamilyoccasionssuchasbirthdayscanbeheld,andwhereimportantceremonies,suchaswelcoming

2、visitorsorfarewellingthedead(tangihanga),canbeperformed.LiketherelatedinstitutionsofoldPolynesia,themaraeisawāhitapu,a'sacredplace'whichcarriesgreatculturalmeaning.InMāoriusage,themaraeatea(oftenshortenedtomarae)istheopenspaceinfrontofthewharenuiormeetinghouse(literally"largebuilding").Ho

3、wever,thetermmaraeisgenerallyusedtorefertothewholecomplex,includingthebuildingsandtheopenspace.Thisareaisusedforpōwhiri-welcomeceremoniesfeaturingoratory(speech).Somemaraedonotallowwomentoperformoratorythere.Pounamureferstoseveraltypesofhard,durableandhighlyvaluednephritejade,bowenite,ors

4、erpentinitestonefoundinsouthernNewZealand.PounamuistheMāoriname.Theserocksarealsogenericallyknownas"greenstone"inNewZealandEnglish.PounamuplaysaveryimportantroleinMāoriculture.Itisconsideredataonga(treasure).Pounamutaongaincreaseinmana(prestige声望)astheypassfromonegenerationtoanother.Themo

5、stprizedtaongaarethosewithknownhistoriesgoingbackmanygenerations.Thesearebelievedtohavetheirownmanaandwereoftengivenasgiftstosealimportantagreements.Pounamutaongaincludetoolssuchasadzes(手斧toki),fishinghooksandlures（诱饵）,andbirdlegrings(kākāporia);weaponssuchasmere(shorthandledclubs棍棒);ando

6、rnamentssuchaspendants（吊饰）(hei-tiki,heimatauandpekapeka),earpendents,andcloak（斗篷）pins.