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时间:2019-06-25
《民主主义与教育英文版Chapter04》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、ChapterFourEducationasGrowth1.TheConditionsofGrowth.Indirectingtheactivitiesoftheyoung,societydeterminesitsownfutureindeterminingthatoftheyoung.Sincetheyoungatagiventimewillatsomelaterdatecomposethesocietyofthatperiod,thelatter'snaturewilllargelyturnuponthedirectionchildren'sactiviti
2、esweregivenatanearlierperiod.Thiscumulativemovementofactiontowardalaterresultiswhatismeantbygrowth.Theprimaryconditionofgrowthisimmaturity.Thismayseemtobeameretruism--sayingthatabeingcandeveloponlyinsomepointinwhichheisundeveloped.Buttheprefix"im"ofthewordimmaturitymeanssomethingposi
3、tive,notamerevoidorlack.Itisnoteworthythattheterms"capacity"and"potentiality"haveadoublemeaning,onesensebeingnegative,theotherpositive.Capacitymaydenotemerereceptivity,likethecapacityofaquartmeasure.Wemaymeanbypotentialityamerelydormantorquiescentstate--acapacitytobecomesomethingdiff
4、erentunderexternalinfluences.Butwealsomeanbycapacityanability,apower;andbypotentialitypotency,force.Nowwhenwesaythatimmaturitymeansthepossibilityofgrowth,wearenotreferringtoabsenceofpowerswhichmayexistatalatertime;weexpressaforcepositivelypresent--theabilitytodevelop.Ourtendencytotak
5、eimmaturityasmerelack,andgrowthassomethingwhichfillsupthegapbetweentheimmatureandthematureisduetoregardingchildhoodcomparatively,insteadofintrinsically.Wetreatitsimplyasaprivationbecausewearemeasuringitbyadulthoodasafixedstandard.Thisfixesattentionuponwhatthechildhasnot,andwillnothav
6、etillhebecomesaman.Thiscomparativestandpointislegitimateenoughforsomepurposes,butifwemakeitfinal,thequestionariseswhetherwearenotguiltyofanoverweeningpresumption.Children,iftheycouldexpressthemselvesarticulatelyandsincerely,wouldtelladifferenttale;andthereisexcellentadultauthorityfor
7、theconvictionthatforcertainmoralandintellectualpurposesadultsmustbecomeaslittlechildren.Theseriousnessoftheassumptionofthenegativequalityofthepossibilitiesofimmaturityisapparentwhenwereflectthatitsetsupasanidealandstandardastaticend.Thefulfillmentofgrowingistakentomeananaccomplishedg
8、rowth:thatis
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