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1、SectionⅤGrammar单元语法项目(一)——虚拟语气(Ⅰ)语法图解探究发现①IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.②IfI'dwantedtoseethem,Iwouldhavehadtovisittheminperson.③IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwouldattendtheconcert.④Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.⑤IfIshoulddotheexperiment,Iwoulddoitsomeotherway.⑥Hadyouinfor
2、medmeearlier,Iwouldn'thavesignedthecontract.⑦Butfortherain(=Ifithadn'trained),weshouldhavearrivedyesterday.⑧I'mreallybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygowithyou.(otherwise=ifIwerenotsobusy)⑨Ifhewerealivenow,hemighthavegrownintoahandsomeyoungman.[我的发现](1)句①表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气;句②表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气;③、④、⑤句表
3、示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。(2)句⑥中if省略,从句的主、谓语要倒装。(3)虚拟条件句中,表示与现在事实相反的假设时,be动词一般用were。(4)⑦、⑧句是含蓄虚拟条件句;句⑨是错综时间虚拟条件句,从句说明的是现在的情况,主句说明的是过去的情况。在英语中,语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,多表示与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的变化形式来表示。一、if引导的虚拟条件句1.虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式所述情况从句主句与过去事实相反if+主语+had+动词过去分词主语+would/could/might/should
4、+have+过去分词与现在事实相反if+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形与将来事实相反①if+主语+动词过去式②if+主语+wereto+动词原形③if+主语+should+动词原形主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形IfsheknewEnglish,shewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英语的话,她就不会找我帮忙。(现在)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.你如果早一点儿起床,就会赶上火车的。(过去
5、)Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。(将来)2.be动词在虚拟条件句中的形式在虚拟条件句中,动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数),但在现代英语中,单数情况也可以用was。但是在某些表达(ifIwereyou,asitwere等)中,be只能用were。Wecouldaskhimifhewere/washere.他要是在这里,我们就可以问问他了。Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。3.倒装虚拟句如果从句中有wer
6、e/should/had(“had”是过去完成时的助动词)时,省略if的同时,把该词提到主语的前面,构成部分倒装。IfIhadhadanymoneywithme,Icouldhavelentyousome.→HadIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldhavelentyousome.要是我当时有钱的话,我会借给你一些。[即时演练1](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2016·北京高考改编)Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhad_told(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.②(2016·
7、天津高考改编)Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwould_have_been_injured(injure).③Were(be)Iyou,Iwouldthinkaboutthisproblemonceagain.④(2015·江苏高考改编)Itmighthavesavedmesometroublehad(have)Iknowntheschedule.⑤(2015·北京高考改编)IfIhadn'tseenitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'tha