被动语态 (Passive Voice)

《被动语态 (Passive Voice)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、被动语态(PassiveVoice)语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(ActiveVoice)和被动语态(PassiveVoice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：(1)JohnhelpedPeter.(2)PeterwashelpedbyJohn.句(1)helped是主动态；句(2)washelped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。构成被

2、动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are+过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were+过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词e.g.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.I’moftenaskedtodothiswork.我常常被派做这项工作。一般过去时：was/were+过去分词e.g.Thete

3、rracottawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXi’an.Theywerediscoveredbyworkersinafieldoutsidethecity.Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?这座大楼什么时候建成的？一般将来时：will(shall)+be+过去分词begoingto+be+过去分词e.g.Theresultoftheexamwillbeknownsoon.Theyaregoingtobegivenadifficulttest.一般过去将来时：sho

4、uld(would)be+过去分词e.g.Theteachersaidtheresultswouldbepublishedsoon.Hetoldmethatthefilmwouldbeshownthenextweek.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词e.g.Thenewairportisbeingbuiltbyaforeigncompany. 一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。Thesongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词e.g

5、.ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthere.ThestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhenIwentintotheteacher’soffice.将来完成时：willhavebeen+过去分词e.g.Bytheendofnextterm2000Englishwordswillhavebeenlearned.Thebuildingwillhavebeenbuiltbynextyear.现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词e.g.Allthe

6、ticketshavebeensold.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这本书已被译成多种语言。过去完成时：hadbeen+过去分词e.g.Fortyschoolshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.过去将来完成时：wouldhavebeen+过去分词e.g.Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearnedby2001.Theypr

7、omisedthattenbookswouldhavebeenpublishedbythenextmonth.情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词e.g.Thisroadmustbemended.Themachinepartsmaybeneededinourwork.工作中可能需要这些机器零部件。动词不定式：tobe+过去分词e.g.I’mgladtobeaskedquestions.Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.失去的时间不可弥补。主要用法被动态常用于下列几种场合：1．

8、当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短语）；PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。TheairplanewasmadeinU.S.Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这种书是为儿童写的。2.动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；Thesongwascom