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1、IEEETRANSACTIONSONSYSTEMS,MAN,ANDCYBERNETICSPARTC:APPLICATIONSANDREVIEWS,VOL.37,NO.6,NOVEMBER20071067SurveyofWirelessIndoorPositioningTechniquesandSystemsHuiLiu,StudentMember,IEEE,HoushangDarabi,Member,IEEE,PatBanerjee,andJingLiuAbstractWirelessindoorpositioningsystemshavebecomeveryAnastonishin
2、ggrowthofwirelesssystemshasbeenwit-popularinrecentyears.Thesesystemshavebeensuccessfullyusednessedinrecentyears.Wirelesstechnologieshaveenteredtheinmanyapplicationssuchasassettrackingandinventoryman-realmsofconsumerapplications,aswellasmedical,industrial,agement.Thispaperprovidesanoverviewofthe
3、existingwirelesspublicsafety,logistics,andtransportsystemalongwithmanyindoorpositioningsolutionsandattemptstoclassifydifferenttech-niquesandsystems.Threetypicallocationestimationschemesofotherapplications.Self-organizingsensornetworks,locationtriangulation,sceneanalysis,andproximityareanalyzed.
4、Wealsosensitivebilling,ubiquitouscomputing,context-dependentin-discusslocationfingerprintingindetailsinceitisusedinmostcur-formationservices,tracking,andguidingaresomeofthenu-rentsystemorsolutions.Wethenexamineasetofpropertiesbymerouspossibleapplicationareas.Sincewirelessinformationwhichlocation
5、systemsareevaluated,andapplythisevaluationaccessisnowwidelyavailable,thereisahighdemandforac-methodtosurveyanumberofexistingsystems.Comprehensiveperformancecomparisonsincludingaccuracy,precision,complex-curatepositioninginwirelessnetworks,includingindoorandity,scalability,robustness,andcostarep
6、resented.outdoorenvironments[1],[2].Theprocessofdeterminingalo-cationiscalledlocationsensing,geolocation,positionlocation,IndexTermsIndoorlocationsensing,locationfingerprinting,positioningalgorithm,radiofrequency(RF),wirelesslocalization.orradiolocation,ifituseswirelesstechnologies.Differentappl
7、icationsmayrequiredifferenttypesofloca-I.INTRODUCTIONtioninformation.Themaintypesdiscussedinthispaperarephysicallocation,symboliclocation,absolutelocation,andrel-NDOORlocationsensingsystemshavebecomeverypop-ativelocation[1].Physic
