Clock Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks A Survey

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1、B.LiClockSynchronizationforWirelessSensorNetworks:ASurveyBharathSundararaman,UgoBuy,andAjayD.KshemkalyaniDepartmentofComputerScienceUniversityofIllinoisatChicago851SouthMorganStreetChicago,IL60607buy@cs.uic.eduMarch22,2005AbstractRecentadvancesinmicro-electromechanical(MEMS)techn

2、ologyhaveledtothedevelopmentofsmall,low-cost,andlow-powersensors.Wirelesssensornetworks(WSNs)arelarge-scalenetworksofsuchsensors,dedicatedtoobservingandmonitoringvariousaspectsofthephysicalworld.Insuchnetworks,datafromeachsensorisag-glomeratedusingdatafusiontoformasinglemeaningfu

3、lresult,whichmakestimesynchronizationbetweensensorshighlydesirable.Thispapersurveysandevaluatesexistingclocksynchronizationprotocolsbasedonapaletteoffactorslikeprecision,accuracy,cost,andcomplexity.Thedesignconsiderationspresentedherecanhelpdeveloperseitherinchoosinganexistingsyn

4、chronizationprotocolorindefininganewprotocolthatisbestsuitedtothespecificneedsofasensor-networkapplication.Finally,thesurveyprovidesavaluableframeworkbywhichdesignerscancomparenewandexistingsynchronizationprotocols.iContents1Introduction12Traditionalclocksynchronization22.1Motivati

5、on.................................................22.2Clocksindistributedsystems.......................................32.3Clockinaccuracies............................................32.4Clocksynchronizationprotocols.....................................42.4.1Remoteclockreadingm

6、ethod..................................42.4.2Timetransmissionmethod....................................62.4.3Offsetdelayestimationmethod.................................72.4.4Set-valuedestimationmethod..................................83Clocksynchronizationinwirelesssensornetwork

7、s103.1Challengesofsensornetworking.....................................103.1.1Limitedenergy..........................................103.1.2Limitedbandwidth........................................103.1.3Limitedhardware.........................................113.1.4Unstablenetwor

8、kconnections............................