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1、HypertensionConcept:systemicbloodpressureincreased,targetorgandamaged(brain,heart,eye,kidney,vessel),metabolismchangedEssentialhypertension(ET):unknowncause,95%,hypertensivedisease.Secondaryhypertension(ST):knowncause,1-5%EpidemiologyIncidenceincreasingrapid
2、ly,11.26%in>15yearsoldinChinain1999incidencedifferentamongrace,age,sex,area(城乡,南北,高原,发达地区等)知晓率,服药率,控制率lower中国高血压的现状和流行趋势1999年普查-患病率11.26%;10年上升25%-90年代初有高血压患者9500万-目前预计>1亿1998年-脑血管病居城市居民死亡原因第二位,农村居首位,-脑卒中的主要危险因素为高血压伴随-糖尿病患病率;吸烟率;超重;冠心病PathogenesisofHype
3、rtensionHereditaryandgenehypothesis:20-40%populationhavehereditarytendencycandidatehypertensivegene5-8Environmentalfactors:hypoweight,overweight,highsaltdiet,drunkPathophysiologyofHypertensionPsychologicalandpsychopathicfactorsRenin–angiotensinaldosteronesys
4、tem(RAAS)SodiumandhypertensionAbnormalityofvascularendothelium(ET,NO,AngII,PGI2,etc)Insulinresistancerevascularizationother(obesity,smoking,drinking,hypocalcium,hypomagnesium,hypopotassium)PathophysiologyofHypertensionBP=COXSVRCO:bloodvolume,HR,myocardialcon
5、tractilitySVR:阻力小动脉结构改变血管壁顺应性降低血管的舒缩状态改变ClinicalManifestationEarly:asymptom,greatBPvariationheadache,dizziness,palpitation,fatigueA2S4,aorticareaSMLate:manifestationofcomplicationsbrain,heart,eye,kidney,vesseldamageClinicalManifestationTargetorganrelatedtoac
6、celeratedASrelatedtoBPlevelheartangina、MI,SDheartfailureBrainTIA,brainthrombosiscerebralhemorrhageencephalopathyKidneyrenalangiopathyrenalarteriolosclerosisrenalfailureArteryblockinglesionaorticdissectionClinicalManifestationMostcommoncomplicationsarefrombra
7、in,4-6timesofAMI。Include:TIA,brainthrombosis,braininfarction(包括腔隙性脑梗塞),encephalopathy,cerebralhemorrhage。HypertensionandStrokeBothSBP&DBPpositivelyrelatedtostrokeriskDBP<5mmHg,strokeriskdecrease35-40%。不存在这样一个DBP的低限水平,低于这一水平时,strokerisk不再继续下降。Followingtheagin
8、g,strokeincidenceincreaserapidly。血压水平与脑出血和脑梗塞都有相关关系,但似乎与脑出血的关系更陡直一些。高血压与冠心病危险性血压水平与主要冠心病事件危险有连续正相关关系。这种相关的强度约为与中风相关强度的2/3。未发现有一低限水平,低于这一水平时,冠心病事件的危险性不再继续下降。高血压与心力衰竭和肾脏疾病心力衰竭的危险性及肾脏疾病的危险性与血压水平有关。