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1、SentenceFragmentsASENTENCEFRAGMENTfailstobeasentenceinthesensethatitcannotstandbyitself.Itdoesnotcontainevenoneindependentclause.Thereareseveralreasonswhyagroupofwordsmayseemtoactlikeasentencebutnothavethewherewithaltomakeitasacompletethought.Itmaylocatesomethingintimeandplacewithapreposition
2、alphraseoraseriesofsuchphrases,butit'sstilllackingapropersubject-verbrelationshipwithinanindependentclause:InJapan,duringthelastwarandjustbeforethearmistice.Thissentenceaccomplishesagreatdealintermsofplacingthereaderintimeandplace,butthereisnosubject,noverb.Itdescribessomething,butthereisnosu
3、bject-verbrelationship:Workingfarintothenightinanefforttosalvageherlittleboat.Thisisaverbalphrasethatwantstomodifysomething,therealsubjectofthesentence(abouttocomeup),probablytheshewhowasworkingsohard.Itmayhavemostofthemakingsofasentencebutstillbemissinganimportantpartofaverbstring:Someofthes
4、tudentsworkinginProfessorEspinoza'slaboratorylastsemester.Rememberthatan-ingverbformwithoutanauxiliaryformtoaccompanyitcanneverbeaverb.Itmayevenhaveasubject-verbrelationship,butithasbeensubordinatedtoanotherideabyadependentwordandsocannotstandbyitself:Eventhoughhehadthebetterargumentsandwasby
5、farthemorepowerfulspeaker.Thissentencefragmenthasasubject,he,andtwoverbs,hadandwas,butitcannotstandbyitselfbecauseofthedependentword(subordinatingconjunction)eventhough.Weneedanindependentclausetofollowupthisdependentclause:...themorepowerfulspeaker,helostthecasebecausehedidn'tunderstandtheju
6、ry. StylisticFragmentsThereareoccasionswhenasentencefragmentcanbestylisticallyeffective,exactlywhatyouwantandnomore.HarrisonFordhassaidhewouldbemorethanwillingtotakeonanotherIndianaJonesproject.InaNewYorkminute.Aslongasyouareclearlyincontrolofthesituation,thisispermissible,butthefreedomtoexer
7、cisethisstylisticlicensedependsonthecircumstances.PerhapsyourfinalresearchpaperinEnglishCompositionisnottheplacetoexperiment--or,thenagain,maybeitis.Askyourinstructor.窗体顶端Ofthethreesentencesineachgroup,selecttheonethatisNOTasentencefragment.S
