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1、TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesofstoneandearthenfortificationsinnorthernChina,builtoriginallytoprotectthenorthernbordersoftheChineseEmpireagainstintrusionsbyvariousnomadicgroups.Severalwallshavebeenbuiltsincethe5thcenturyBCthatarereferredtocollecti
2、velyastheGreatWall,whichhasbeenrebuiltandmaintainedfromthe5thcenturyBCthroughthe16thcentury.Oneofthemostfamousisthewallbuiltbetween220–206BCbythefirstEmperorofChina,QinShiHuang.Littleofthatwallremains;themajorityoftheexistingwallwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty.TheGreatWallstretchesfrom
3、Shanhaiguanintheeast,toLopNurinthewest,alonganarcthatroughlydelineatesthesouthernedgeofInnerMongolia.ThemostcomprehensivearchaeologicalsurveyhasrecentlyconcludedthattheentireGreatWall,withallofitsbranches,stretchesfor8,851.8 km.Thisismadeupof6,259.6 kmsectionsofactualwall,359.7 kmof
4、trenchesand2,232.5 kmofnaturaldefensivebarrierssuchashillsandrivers.TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaHistory历史Visibilityfromspace太空视野Notableareas著名的区域HistoryTheChinesewerealreadyfamiliarwiththetechniquesofwall-buildingbythetimeoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Durin
5、gtheWarringStatesPeriodfromthe5thcenturyBCto221BC,thestatesofQin,Wei,Zhao,QiandYanallconstructedextensivefortificationstodefendtheirownborders.QinShiHuangconqueredallopposingstatesandunifiedChinain221BC,establishingtheQinDynasty.ToprotecttheempireagainstintrusionsbytheXiongnupeoplef
6、romthenorth,heorderedthebuildingofanewwalltoconnecttheremainingfortificationsalongtheempire'snewnorthernfrontier.Mostoftheancientwallshaveerodedawayoverthecenturies,andveryfewsectionsremaintoday.Later,theHan,SuiandJindynastiesallrepaired,rebuilt,orexpandedsectionsoftheGreatWallatgre
7、atcosttodefendthemselvesagainstnortherninvaders.TowardstheendoftheMingDynasty,theGreatWallhelpeddefendtheempireagainsttheManchuinvasions.However,whenthegatesatShanhaiguanwereopenedbyWuSangui,theManchusquicklyseizedBeijingandestablishedtheQingDynasty.UnderQingrule,China'sbordersexten
8、dedbeyondthewallsan
