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1、第25卷第2期西安交通大学学报(医学版)Vol.25No.22004年4月JournalofXipanJiaotongUniversity(MedicalSciences)Apr.2004成人界嵴形态与组织结构的观察张建水,雷天福,候允天,林 奇,赵根然,凌凤东(西安交通大学医学院人体解剖学教研室,陕西西安 710061)摘要:目的 观察和测量人右心房界嵴和梳状肌的形态和组织结构,以探讨其可能的功能。方法 肉眼观察、测量界嵴与梳状肌的有关形态学数据。利用光学显微镜,通过HE、Masson和磷钨酸2苏木素染色,对界嵴的细胞形态和纤维
2、方向等进行细致观察。结果 ①根据界嵴的隆起状况,界嵴可分为4类:A.全程隆起(18.6%);B.上2/3隆起,下1/3平坦(27.9%);C.上1/3隆起,下2/3平坦(34.88%);D.全程平坦(18.6%)。②界嵴的肌纤维可分深、浅两层,深层肌纤维纵行,与界嵴长轴平行;浅层纤维横行,仅见于界嵴的中、下部,深‰浅层纤维之间互相联系。在界嵴各处可见P样细胞。③根据梳状肌的起止和走行,梳状肌可分为3型:汇聚型、网状型和混合型。结论 窦房结上、下及其深面借过渡纤维与界嵴的普通肌纤维相互联系,界嵴纤维可能与结间冲动传导有关。梳状肌走行
3、方向的多样性,可能与临床上心脏电流传导的多向异性有关。关键词:界嵴;梳状肌;窦房结;冲动传导;P样细胞中图分类号:R322.11文献标识码:A文章编号:167128259(2004)0220114204ObservationandmeasurementofmorphologicalandhistologicalstructureofterminalcrestZhangJianshui,LeiTianfu,HouYuntian,LinQi,ZhaoGenran,LingFengdong(DepartmentofHumanAnatom
4、y,MedicalSchoolofXipanJiaotongUniversity,Xipan710061,China)ABSTRACT:ObjectiveTostudythemorphologicfeaturesofterminalcrestandpectinatemusclesinhumanrightatriumanddiscusstheirpossiblefunction.MethodsWithnakedeyesweobservedandmeasuredterminalcrestandpectinatemuscles.Byst
5、ainingwithHEandMassontrichromaticstain,andusinglightmicroscopeweobservedcellularfeaturesandarrangementofterminalcrest.ResultsAccordingtoeminence,terminalcrestcouldbedividedinto4types:A.thewholecoursewasprominent(18.6%);B.thesuperior2/3wasprominentandtheinferior1/3wasf
6、lat(27.9%);C.thesuperior1/3wasprominentandtheinferior2/3wasflat(34.88%);D.thewholecoursewasflat(18.6%).Themusclesofterminalcrestconsistedoftwolayers:thesuperficialandthedeep.Thedirectionofthedeeplayerfiberswaslongitudinalandparallelwiththeterminalcrestupdownwards;butt
7、hedirectionofthesuperficialoneswastransversed.Pacemaker2likecellscouldbefoundinthewholepartoftheterminalcrest.Accordingtodirection,pectinatemusclescouldbedividedinto3types:convergent,networkandmixingtypes.ConclusionSinoatrialnodeandthecommoncardiomuscularfibersoftermi
8、nalcrestwereconnectedbythetransitionalfibers.Asaresult,terminalcrestmayplayanimportantroleinimpulseconductionbetweensino2atr
