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1、Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comLanguageSciences30(2008)135–150www.elsevier.com/locate/langsciLanguageandlandscape:across-linguisticperspectiveNiclasBurenhult*,StephenC.LevinsonLanguageandCognition,MaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguistics,P.O.Box310,6500AHNij
2、megen,NetherlandsAbstractThisspecialissueistheoutcomeofcollaborativeworkontherelationshipbetweenlanguageandlandscape,carriedoutintheLanguageandCognitionGroupattheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsy-cholinguistics.Thecontributionsexplorethelinguisticcategoriesoflandscapeterm
3、sandplacenamesinninegenetically,typologicallyandgeographicallydiverselanguages,drawingondatafromfirst-handfieldwork.Thepresentintroductoryarticlelaysoutthereasonswhythedomainofland-scapeisofcentralinteresttothelanguagesciencesandbeyond,anditoutlinessomeofthemajorpa
4、tternsthatemergefromthecross-linguisticcomparisonwhichthepapersinvite.Thedatapointtoconsiderablevariationwithinandacrosslanguagesinhowsystemsoflandscapetermsandplacenamesareontologised.Thishasimportantimplicationsforpracticalapplicationsfrominternationallawtomode
5、rnnavigationsystems.Ó2007ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Geographicalontology;GIS;Landscapeterms;Placenames;Semanticdomain;Semplates1.IntroductionManydisciplinesandspecialistlinesofresearchhavebeeninterestedinhumanunder-standingsoflandscape,forexamplearcha
6、eology(Tilley,1994),anthropology(Bender,1993;HirschandO’Hanlon,1995;EllenandFukui,1996),psychology,philosophyand,ofcourse,cognitivegeography(Marketal.,1999;SmithandMark,2001,2003;Mark*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+31243521270;fax:+31243521213.E-mailaddress:Niclas.Bur
7、enhult@mpi.nl(N.Burenhult).0388-0001/$-seefrontmatterÓ2007ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2006.12.028136N.Burenhult,S.C.Levinson/LanguageSciences30(2008)135–150andTurk,2003a,2004).Itisperhapslessobviouswhythistopicmightbeofanysignif-icantinter
8、esttolinguistics.Butamoment’sreflectionrevealsadomainwithwideramifi-cationsthroughthelinguisticsciences:Howarelandscapefeaturesselectedasnameableobjects(‘river’,
