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1、ATaleofThreeKarls:Marx,Popper,PolanyiandPost-SocialistEuropeDAVIDMARQUANDThehumanrace,towhichsomanyofmyreadersbelong,hasbeenplayingatchildren'sgamesfromthebeginning...[O]neofthegamestowhichitmostattachediscalled...'CheattheProphet'.[Theprophets]tooksomethingorotherthatwascer-
2、tainlygoingonintheirtime,andthensaiditwouldgoonmoreandmoreuntilsomethingextraordinaryhappened....Theplay-erslistenverycarefullyandrespectfullytoallthattheclevermenhavetosayaboutwhatistohappeninthenextgeneration.Theplayersthenwaituntilalltheclevermenaredead,andburythemnicely.T
3、heythengoanddosomethingelse.(G.K.Chesterton,TheNapoleonofNottingHillyInpartitisduetoagenuinemisunderstandingofthephilosoph-icalimplicationsofthenaturalsciences,thegreatprestigeofwhichhasbeenmisappropriatedbymanyafoolandimpostersincetheirearliesttriumphs.Butprincipallyitseemst
4、ometospringfromadesiretoresignourresponsibility,toceasefromjudgingprovidedwebenotjudgedourselvesand,aboveall,arenotcompelledtojudgeourselves-fromadesiretofleeforrefugetosomevast,amoral,impersonal,monolithicwhole-nature,orhistory,orclass,orrace,ortheirresistibleevolutionofthes
5、ocialstructure...whichitissenselesstoevaluateorcriticise,andwhichweresisttoourcertaindoom.Thisisamiragewhichhasoftenappearedinthehistoryofmankind,alwaysatmomentsofcon-fusionandinnerweakness.Itisoneofthegreatalibis,pleadedbythosewhocannotanddonotwishtofacethefactsofhumanrespon
6、sibility...Thistheydointheserviceofanimaginarysci-ence,and,liketheastrologersandmagicianswhomtheyhavesucceeded...makeuseofhypnoticformulaewithlittleregardforexperience,orrationalargument,ortestsofprovenreliability.2(IsaiahBerlinon'socialdeterminism')1Quoted,inJonathanGershuny
7、,AfterIndustrialSociety:TheEmergingSelf-serviceEconomy(Basingstoke:MacmillanPress,1978)p.1.2IsaiahBerlin,HistoricalInevitability(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1954)pp.77-8.37DavidMarquandInthesummerof1997,ameetingofSocialistleaderstookplaceinMalmo.Thestarturnwasthenewlyinstall
8、edheadofthefirstLabourGovernmentinBritainfornearlytwentyyears,TonyBl