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1、ATaleofThreeKarls:Marx,Popper,PolanyiandPost-SocialistEuropeDAVIDMARQUANDThehumanrace,towhichsomanyofmyreadersbelong,hasbeenplayingatchildren'sgamesfromthebeginning...[O]neofthegamestowhichitmostattachediscalled...'CheattheProphet'.[Theprophets]tooksomethingorotherthatwascer-tainlyg
2、oingonintheirtime,andthensaiditwouldgoonmoreandmoreuntilsomethingextraordinaryhappened....Theplay-erslistenverycarefullyandrespectfullytoallthattheclevermenhavetosayaboutwhatistohappeninthenextgeneration.Theplayersthenwaituntilalltheclevermenaredead,andburythemnicely.Theythengoanddo
3、somethingelse.(G.K.Chesterton,TheNapoleonofNottingHillyInpartitisduetoagenuinemisunderstandingofthephilosoph-icalimplicationsofthenaturalsciences,thegreatprestigeofwhichhasbeenmisappropriatedbymanyafoolandimpostersincetheirearliesttriumphs.Butprincipallyitseemstometospringfromadesir
4、etoresignourresponsibility,toceasefromjudgingprovidedwebenotjudgedourselvesand,aboveall,arenotcompelledtojudgeourselves-fromadesiretofleeforrefugetosomevast,amoral,impersonal,monolithicwhole-nature,orhistory,orclass,orrace,ortheirresistibleevolutionofthesocialstructure...whichitisse
5、nselesstoevaluateorcriticise,andwhichweresisttoourcertaindoom.Thisisamiragewhichhasoftenappearedinthehistoryofmankind,alwaysatmomentsofcon-fusionandinnerweakness.Itisoneofthegreatalibis,pleadedbythosewhocannotanddonotwishtofacethefactsofhumanresponsibility...Thistheydointheserviceof
6、animaginarysci-ence,and,liketheastrologersandmagicianswhomtheyhavesucceeded...makeuseofhypnoticformulaewithlittleregardforexperience,orrationalargument,ortestsofprovenreliability.2(IsaiahBerlinon'socialdeterminism')1Quoted,inJonathanGershuny,AfterIndustrialSociety:TheEmergingSelf-se
7、rviceEconomy(Basingstoke:MacmillanPress,1978)p.1.2IsaiahBerlin,HistoricalInevitability(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1954)pp.77-8.37DavidMarquandInthesummerof1997,ameetingofSocialistleaderstookplaceinMalmo.ThestarturnwasthenewlyinstalledheadofthefirstLabourGovernmentinBritainfornearl
8、ytwentyyears,TonyBl
