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1、11Finding,formulatingandexploringyourtopic.DifferenttopiccreationsManystudentshaveinmindsomethingthattheywanttoworkon;otherswanttoworkwithaparticularscholarorresearchcentre.Inthefirstcase,studentssearchforacompatiblesupervisor.Inthesecond,foratopic.Regardlessofthesepreliminarycircumstances,th
2、etopicisverylikelyonlyroughlyformulatedatthisstage.Thisisusuallyenoughtohaveyourenrolmentaccepted.ReadingtheliteratureOnceyouhaveageneralidea,youcouldstartbytalkingtoyoursupervisorandotherscholars.But,mostimportantly,youhavetothinkwhyyouwouldliketoworkonit,orwhyanyonewouldwanttodoso.Askyourse
3、lf,"Whyisitimportant?Whatisinterestingaboutthis?SupposeIsolveit,orfindit,orpullitalltogether,whatuseisit?Whatisitssignificance?"Then,withsomequestionssuchastheseinmind,goandreadmoreaboutittoseewhatisthereandfindoutwhataspectsofithavebeenexhausted,whatneglected,whatthemainideas,issuesandcontro
4、versiesareinthearea.Itisregardedasyoursupervisor'sroletodirectyoutothemostfruitfulstartingpointinreadingandsurveyingtheliterature.CycleofliteraturereviewAllofthisisnotaonceonlyactivity,butisacycleyougothroughagainandagain.Soyouread,think,anddiscussitwithyoursupervisorandthen,asaresult,comeclo
5、sertotheformulationofthetopic.Andthenwitheachcycleofreading,thinkinganddiscussingyourtopicbecomesmorespecificandfocussed.Thisisnotthefinalformulationandthelasttimeyouwillfocusyourtopic.Butyoucouldprobablyletgoofthisroundofgeneralexplorationandembarkonthenextstage.Yoursupervisorbythistimeshoul
6、dhaveenoughofanideaofyourtopictojudgewhetherornotwhatyouproposetodoisfeasiblewithinthetimeavailableandhasthepotentialtomeettherequiredstandardsforaPhD.Toseethefullpotentialofyourtopicor,tothecontrary,seethatitisnotgoingtodeliverwhatyouwanted,youdoneedtobegindoingyourresearch.This,ofcourse,isw
7、hypilotstudiesareoftenundertaken.MakingsenseoftheliteratureWedotrulywishwecouldtellyouaboutareliableorsimplewaytomakesenseoftheliterature.Wecansay,however,thatyouneedtoattendtothingsattwolevels:·Oneisestablishingasystemthatwillallowyoutoorgan
