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1、Finding,formulatingandexploringyourtopic.DifferenttopiccreationsManystudentshaveinmindsomethingthattheywanttoworkon;otherswanttoworkwithaparticularscholarorresearchcentre.Inthefirstcase,studentssearchforacompatiblesupervisor.Inthesecond,foratopic.Regardlessoftheseprelimin
2、arycircumstances,thetopicisverylikelyonlyroughlyformulatedatthisstage.Thisisusuallyenoughtohaveyourenrolmentaccepted.ReadingtheliteratureOnceyouhaveageneralidea,youcouldstartbytalkingtoyoursupervisorandotherscholars.But,mostimportantly,youhavetothinkwhyyouwouldliketoworko
3、nit,orwhyanyonewouldwanttodoso.Askyourself,"Whyisitimportant?Whatisinterestingaboutthis?SupposeIsolveit,orfindit,orpullitalltogether,whatuseisit?Whatisitssignificance?11Then,withsomequestionssuchastheseinmind,goandreadmoreaboutittoseewhatisthereandfindoutwhataspectsofitha
4、vebeenexhausted,whatneglected,whatthemainideas,issuesandcontroversiesareinthearea.Itisregardedasyoursupervisorsroletodirectyoutothemostfruitfulstartingpointinreadingandsurveyingtheliterature.CycleofliteraturereviewAllofthisisnotaonceonlyactivity,butisacycleyougothroughaga
5、inandagain.Soyouread,think,anddiscussitwithyoursupervisorandthen,asaresult,comeclosertotheformulationofthetopic.Andthenwitheachcycleofreading,thinkinganddiscussingyourtopicbecomesmorespecificandfocussed.Thisisnotthefinalformulationandthelasttimeyouwillfocusyourtopic.Butyo
6、ucouldprobablyletgoofthisroundofgeneralexplorationandembarkonthenextstage.YoursupervisorbythistimeshouldhaveenoughofanideaofyourtopictojudgewhetherornotwhatyouproposetodoisfeasiblewithinthetimeavailableandhasthepotentialtomeettherequiredstandardsforaPhD・Toseethefullpotent
7、ialofyourtopicor,tothecontrary,seethatitisnotgoingtodeliverwhatyouwanted,youdoneedtobegindoingyourresearch.This,ofcourse,iswhypilotstudiesareoftenundertaken.MakingsenseoftheliteratureWedotrulywishwecouldtellyouaboutareliableorsimplewaytomakesenseoftheliterature.Wecansay,h
8、owever,thatyouneedtoattendtothingsattwolevels:•Oneisestablishingasystemthatwillallowyoutoorganis
