nietzscheandsartre[尼采和萨特](ppt-44)

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1、NietzscheandSartreNietzscheonTeleologyNietzsche’sCritiqueofChristianitySartreonHumanNatureThickvs.ThinConceptionsofNatureNietzscheNietzshe,PlatoandAristotleNaturalvs.SupernaturalValuesNietzsche’sCritiqueofFaith,Hope&LoveAnEvaluationofNietzsche’sCritiqueNi

2、etzsche,PlatoandAristotleTeleologyinNietzscheNietzsche,likePlatoandAristotle,hasateleologicalconceptionofhumannature.Thefinalcause,naturalend=acompletelife,livedaccordingtoinstinct&naturalwisdomEvidencesofteleology1.Contrastbetweenhealthandsickness,advanc

3、inglifeanddecadence.Appliedtoourmental,spirituallife,aswellastoordinaryphysiology.ComparePlato'suseofthesamemetaphorintheGorgias.2.Humanlifeisguidedbyinstincts,drives,whosepurposeistomoveustowardacomplete,fullyhumanexistence.NietzscheontheClassicalVirtues

4、ThewordvirtueinGreek(arete)andLatinhasameaningthatisn'tlimitedtomorality.Anykindofstrengthorcompetency(likeintelligence,wit,strength,endurance)wouldcountasa"virtue".Moralvirtuesarethosevirtuesthatconcernone'scharacter,one'scapacityforrationalchoiceandacti

5、on.Seven"cardinalvirtues"Natural:CourageTemperance(self-control,moderation)Practicalwisdom(prudence)JusticeSupernatural:FaithHopeLove(charity)Nietzsche’sAttitudeNietzschesaysnothingagainstthenaturalvirtues.Infact,herepeatedlyaffirmsthem.Example:N.'sattitu

6、detowardmarriage(p.104).Theessenceofmarriageistheindissolublebondbetweenman&woman.Hisattackisrestrictedtothesupernatural(Christian)virtues.Faith,Hope&CharityFaith=unreason,dogmatismHope=other-worldiness,denialofsenses,bodyLove=equality,pity,rejectionofdis

7、tinction,hierarchy&authorityFaithN.seesthedisciplineoffaithasbeingdestructiveofreason&science.Trainsustobelievethingswecannotverifyorunderstand.Thescientificmindisbasedindoubt,inindependencefromtraditionandauthority.HopeThehopeforeternallifecausesadevalua

8、tionofthislife.Necessarilyresultsinhostilitytopleasure,especiallysexualpleasure.Thefictionofeternallifeisrootedinahatredoftheactualworld.ConsequencesofOtherworldinessHealthandearthlylifearedenied,denigrated:Denyyour