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1、NietzscheandSartreNietzscheonTeleologyNietzsche’sCritiqueofChristianitySartreonHumanNatureThickvs.ThinConceptionsofNatureNietzscheNietzshe,PlatoandAristotleNaturalvs.SupernaturalValuesNietzsche’sCritiqueofFaith,Hope&LoveAnEvaluationofNietzsche’sCritiqueNietzsche,PlatoandAristotleTeleologyi
2、nNietzscheNietzsche,likePlatoandAristotle,hasateleologicalconceptionofhumannature.Thefinalcause,naturalend=acompletelife,livedaccordingtoinstinct&naturalwisdomEvidencesofteleology1.Contrastbetweenhealthandsickness,advancinglifeanddecadence.Appliedtoourmental,spirituallife,aswellastoordinar
3、yphysiology.ComparePlato'suseofthesamemetaphorintheGorgias.2.Humanlifeisguidedbyinstincts,drives,whosepurposeistomoveustowardacomplete,fullyhumanexistence.NietzscheontheClassicalVirtuesThewordvirtueinGreek(arete)andLatinhasameaningthatisn'tlimitedtomorality.Anykindofstrengthorcompetency(li
4、keintelligence,wit,strength,endurance)wouldcountasa"virtue".Moralvirtuesarethosevirtuesthatconcernone'scharacter,one'scapacityforrationalchoiceandaction.Seven"cardinalvirtues"Natural:CourageTemperance(self-control,moderation)Practicalwisdom(prudence)JusticeSupernatural:FaithHopeLove(charit
5、y)Nietzsche’sAttitudeNietzschesaysnothingagainstthenaturalvirtues.Infact,herepeatedlyaffirmsthem.Example:N.'sattitudetowardmarriage(p.104).Theessenceofmarriageistheindissolublebondbetweenman&woman.Hisattackisrestrictedtothesupernatural(Christian)virtues.Faith,Hope&CharityFaith=unreason,dog
6、matismHope=other-worldiness,denialofsenses,bodyLove=equality,pity,rejectionofdistinction,hierarchy&authorityFaithN.seesthedisciplineoffaithasbeingdestructiveofreason&science.Trainsustobelievethingswecannotverifyorunderstand.Thescientificmindisbasedindoubt,inindependencefromtraditionandauth
7、ority.HopeThehopeforeternallifecausesadevaluationofthislife.Necessarilyresultsinhostilitytopleasure,especiallysexualpleasure.Thefictionofeternallifeisrootedinahatredoftheactualworld.ConsequencesofOtherworldinessHealthandearthlylifearedenied,denigrated:Denyyour
