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1、Excerptsfromthisultrasonicreport(UR-234)appearintheProceedingsoftheTexasA&MSymposium(January2002)inthefollowingpaper:”UltrasonicFlowMeasurement:TechnologyandApplicationsinProcessandMultipleVentStreamSituations,”byRobertA.Rabalais,DowChemicalUSA,LouisianaDivision,PlaquemineLAandLarrySim
2、s,PanametricsInc.BatonRouge,LA/Houston,TXInstrumentandprocesspersonnelarealwayslookingforabetterwaytomeasureprocessflows.Fromsimplesteamflowstotwo-phaseflowswithentrainedsolids,thesearchisongoingfortechnologythatprovidesbothaccuracyandcosteffectiveness.Withtoday’senvironmentalregulatio
3、nsrequiringbothmoreandmoreaccurateflowmeasurementsaswellhigh-energycostsmakingfuelconsumptionaprimaryfocus,traditionalmeasurementtechniquesmaybelessthanadequate.Onetechnology,whichisgainingacceptancetomeetthenewneedsintoday’sindustrialmarketplace,istransit-timeultrasonicflowmeasurement
4、.(Boxatrightillustratesacommonclamp-onconfigurationforliquids.)Consideredbymanyskepticstobetoo“new”ofatechnology,ithasinfactbeenaroundsincethe1950sorearlierforspecialapplications.Ithasbeenavailablecommercially(atleastinJapan)sincethe1960s.Panametricscommercialflowmeterswereintroducedat
5、anISAShowin1979anditsflaregasultrasonicflowmeterwasintroducedatthisSymposiumin1984bySmallingetal.ApplicationshavegrownrapidlyinrecentyearsasmorepeoplebecameawareTransit-timeultrasonicflowmeters,whenappliedofandconfidentintheperformanceoftransittimetofluidsofsufficientlyhighacousticimpe
6、danceZ,usetwoclamp-onorwettedtransducers.Oneultrasonicflowmeters.Besidesspanningtemperaturesisinstalledupstreamandoneisinstalledbetweentheextremesofcryogenic(-200°C)toverydownstreamwithrespecttotheflowdirection.hot(500°C),ultrasonictransittimeflowmetersareEachtransducertransmitscodedso
7、undpulsesusedwithgases,liquidsandtwo-phasemixtures.receivedbytheothertransducer.ThefluidflowRecently,clamp-onhasbeenextendedeventogasesincreasestheultrasonicsignaltimeofflightinthedirectionofflowanddecreasesthetimeofflightinsteelpipe.Sofar,thislastaspectrequiresthattheagainstthedirec
