资源描述：
《the war against the heresy in medieval europe.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、ThewaragainstheresyinmedievalEurope*BlackwellPublishingLtdOxford,UKHISRHistoricalResearch0950-3471©InstituteofHistoricalResearch2007>XXXOriginalArticlesThewaragainstheresyinmedievalEuropeR.I.MooreNewcastleUniversityAbstractBoththelevelofclericalanxietyaboutpopularheresyinth
2、ecenturyorsoafter1140andthebreadthandvigourofmeasuresadoptedtosuppressit,initiallyintheLanguedoc,weredisproportionatetoitsextent,coherenceandsupport.Thisarticlethereforeseeksanalternativeexplanationforthelaunchingofthe‘waragainstheresy’inthirteenth-centuryEurope,andfindsitpr
3、imarilyinthedevelopingself-consciousnessofthenewadministrativeeliteproducedbythedemographicandculturaltransformationofEuropeintheeleventhcentury.Bytheendofthetwelfthcenturythebeliefthatheresyconstitutednotonlyatheoreticalbutarealandpresentdangertothefaithhadinitselfbecomeat
4、estofCatholicorthodoxy.Thegrowingfearofheresywasexpressedinabatteryofmeasuresforitsdetectionandsuppression,butnotassuagedbythem.Warwasheldtobepermissibleagainsthereticsasagainstunbelievers.TheAlbigensiancrusade,launchedagainstthecountyofToulousein1209,wasonlythefirst,althoug
5、hthemostnotorious,bloodyandconsequential,ofthewarsagainstheresy–intheliteralsenseratherthanthemetaphoricaloneofthetitleofthisarticle–whichmarkedthehistoryofthethirteenthcentury,andwhoseessentiallypoliticalcharacterbecameevermoreovert.Inprinciple,responsibilityfortheprosecut
6、ionofheresybelongedtothebishopsintheirdioceses,buttheywereincreasinglyurgedtoactionbykingsandpopes,whoin1184instructedthemtomakeregularinquisitionforhereticsandtheirsupportersonpainofthemselvesbeingidentifiedassuch.Whenthatfailedtoyieldtheexpectedresults,inquisitionforheresy
7、wasincreasinglytakenoutofthehandsofthebishops,andentrustedtospecialagentsdirectlyarmedbypapalauthoritywithsweepingpowerstoenterandinterrogatewholecommunities,andtoimposeuponthosewhomthey*ThisarticleisaversionoftheCreightonLecturedeliveredintheUniversityofLondonon1Nov.2004,b
8、asedontheHenryCharlesLeaMemorialLecturedeliveredattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainApr
