资源描述：
《研发费用和盈余管理的资本化：来自意大利上市公司的证据【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、外文文献翻译译文原文：CapitalizationofR&Dcostsandearningsmanagement:EvidencefromItalianlistedcompanies2.R&DaccountinginItalyItalianaccountingregulationhasalwaysallowedforsomeflexibilityinthecapitalizationofR&Dcosts.ThisallowanceissimilartothatofIAS.Accountingforintangibles,includingR&Dcosts,isregulatedbyPrinc
2、ipioContabilen.24(AccountingStandardNo.24).ThisstandarddistinguishesthreedifferenttypesofR&Dcostsasfollows:1)“Basicresearch,”whichconsistsofstudies,surveys,andexperimentsthatdonotrefertoaspecificproject;thistypeofR&Dcostisnormallycarriedoutforthegeneralutilityofacompany(e.g.,marketresearch,updating
3、,etc.);2)“Appliedresearch,”whichconsistsofstudies,surveys,andexperimentsthatrefertospecificprojects;and3)“Development,”whichconsistsoftheapplicationofresearchresultstospecificmaterials,tools,products,andprocessesprecedingproduction.Thecostsforbasicresearcharetobeexpensedintheincomestatement.However
4、,costsrelatedtoappliedR&Dcanbecapitalizedifthefollowingconditionsaremet:a)thecostsrefertoaprojectfortherealizationofaclearlydefinedproductorprocess;b)thecostsareidentifiableandmeasurable;c)theprojecttowhichthecostsreferistechnicallyfeasible;d)thecompanyownsthenecessaryresourcestocompleteandexploitt
5、heproject;ande)thecostsarerecoverablethroughtherevenuesgeneratedbyexploitingtheproject.ItisevidentthattheconditionsstatedbytheItalianaccountingstandardsaresimilartothosestatedbyIASfordevelopmentcosts.Infact,thedefinitionofappliedresearchunderItalianstandardsalsofitsintothedefinitionofdevelopmentcos
6、tsprovidedbyIAS38.TheItalianstandardsdifferfromIASinthattheydonotrequireR&Dcapitalizationwhentheabovementionedconditionsoccur,leavingflexibilityinthehandsofthecompanies.However,thisdifferenceismoreformalthansubstantive.Giventhesubjectivityinassessingtheoccurrenceofsomeoftheconditions,itseemsthat,ev
7、enunderIAS,companiesthatpreferimmediateexpensingcaneasilyjustifythisapproach—evenwhentheaforementionedconditionsaremet.ConcerningtheamortizationofR&Dcosts,theItalianaccountingstandardsrequirethattheamortiza
