乌国投资设厂(乌律师提供)

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乌国合资建厂相关问题汇总ThequestionsaboutJVinUzbekistan一、环保及技术environmentprotectionandtechnology1、从事装饰封边生产涉及的原材料是否有环保、资源保护方面的限制；Anyrestrictionofenvironmentandresourcesprotectionaboutthematerialofedgebandingproduction.1）试产前，工厂应通过环保部门的验收。1)Priortocommissioning,thefactoryshouldbeasubjecttoenvironmentalexpertise.2）由于封边生产与合成聚合物材料密切相关，将会引起相关环保部门的关注。例如，与卫生监督部门确认工厂选址等问题。大气污染物排放量不能超过允许浓度的30%。2)Sincetheedge-bandingproductioncloselyrelatestoutilizationofsyntheticpolymer-basedmaterials,attentionshouldbedrawntomanyenvironmentalrequirements.Forexample,itisnecessarytoagreethelocationofthefuturefactory,amongothers,withtheSanitarySupervisionDepartment.Thetotalamountofharmfulemissionsinthearea’satmosphereshouldnotexceed30%ofmaximumallowedconcentration(MAC).3） 封边生产的材料需要需要经相关的专业人员检验确认是否能用于乌兹别克斯坦生产。3)Withrespecttothematerialofedgebandingproductionspecifically,thesematerialsneedtobeexaminedbytherelevantspecialiststoconfirmwhetherthesecanbeusedintheproductionwithinUzbekistanornot.1、对于单条印刷使用的油墨，当地是否有强制性标准，能否使用我国的油性油墨；IsthereanycompulsorystandardaboutsolventbaseinkorUVinkusedinedgebandingprinting?CantheinkusedinChinaalsobeusedinUzbekistan?1）假如从中国进口的油墨能满足乌兹别克斯坦卫生与环保要求，从中国进口的油墨能用于乌兹别克斯坦生产。例如，损耗臭氧层物质清单中有列明经乌兹别克斯坦环保部门核准的可进口产品。1)Solvent-basedinkandUVinktobeimportedfromChinacanbeusedinUzbekistan,providedthesesatisfysanitaryandecologicalrequirementsofUzbekistan.Forexample,thereisalistofozone-depletingsubstances,whichyoumaybepermittedtoimportonlywiththeapprovaloftheStateCommitteeoftheRepublicofUzbekistanonProtectionofNature.2、当地标准电压为多少伏特？是否为标准的工业用电320伏特； Howaboutthestandardvoltageofindustrialelectricity?Isit320volts?1）标准电压为220伏，如设备有特殊要求，电气服务部门可按要求提供相应电压。1)Standardvoltageis220volts.SpecificationsissuedbyElectricInspectionServicescanprovidedifferentvoltage,iftheequipmentrequiresso.1、当地对废水废气的排放，是否强制要求到达一定排放标准；Theindustrialwaste,suchaswastewaterandgasandsoon,what’sthestandard?1）用水与污水应符合供水机构的要求。污水排放只要不超过国家有关规定的标准即可。1)Thetermsofwateruseandsewagedisposalshouldbeagreedwiththerelevantlicensedwatersupplyorganization.Thewastewaterispermittedaslongasitdoesnotexceedthesetnormsagreedbytherelevantstateauthorities.2）废气排放标准应符合乌兹别克斯坦环保部门的相关规定。2)LevelsofgasemissionshouldbecontrolledbyacompanyinaccordancewiththerulesapprovedbytheStateCommitteeoftheRepublicofUzbekistanonProtectionofNature. 1、当地对厂房的规划设计是否有限制层高的要求？能否设计为三层；Isthereanyrequirementofthestoreyheightofafactory?Canthebuildingbedesignedforthreefloors.1）厂房高度无特别要求。但是在开工之前，建筑设计方案需经国家建筑与建筑委员会批准。1)Generally,therearenospecialrequirementstotheheightofafactory.However,priortocommencementofthefactoryconstruction,theStateCommitteeforArchitectureandConstructionshouldapproveprojectdocumentationofthefactory.2、当地对车间产生的噪音分贝是否有强制性标准？Howabouttherestrictionofindustrialnoise?Andhowmanydecibelitis?1）工作场所的噪声在卫生部批准的范围内是允许的。1)NoiseattheworksitesispermittedwithinthenormsapprovedbytheMinistryofHealth.2）超过40分贝的工业噪音被认为是不安全的。在噪音超过80分贝的地区工作的雇员，须提供个人防护装备。最高不能超过135分贝。发出过多噪音的设施应被隔离。2)Thelevelofindustrialnoiseexceeding40dBisregardedasunsafe.Employeesworkinginareasofnoiseexceeding80dBshouldbeprovidedwithpersonal protectiveequipment.Thesoundpressurelevelcannotexceed135dB.Thefacilitiesemittingexcessivenoiseshouldbeisolated.二、劳工政策laborpolicy1、当地对外籍劳工的进入，是否需要办理劳动或就业许可，Isthereanyemploymentlicenseorpermissionifhiringforeignemployees?1）是的，雇主应获得外国劳工移民事务代理处外国人员的许可证。该许可证的有效期为1年。1)Yes,anemployershallreceivealicense(permission)forattractionofforeignpersonnelfromtheRepublicanAgencyforForeignLaborMigrationAffairs.Thelicenseisissuedforatermof1year.2）外国雇员应获取个人在乌兹别克斯坦就业的许可证。就业许可证有效期与雇佣期一致，但不能超过雇主的许可证。2)Eachforeignemployeeshallreceiveanindividualworkpermit(confirmation)tobeemployedinUzbekistan.Theworkpermitisvalidforaperiodoftheemployment,butfornotmorethanthetermoftheemployer’slicense.2、当地对适龄劳工的界定；Theregulationaboutworkingage. 最低就业年龄为16岁，男性退休年龄为60岁，女性55岁。Theminimumageofemploymentis16years.Theretirementageis60yearformenand55forwomen.1、当地是否有针对女职工的特别保护，如怀孕、生产、哺乳方面的特别规定；Isthereanyspecialprotectionaboutfemaleemployees,suchaspregnancy,givingbirthandbreastfeeding?1）孕期或有3岁以下子女的女性享有的法定权利如下：a.不得以怀孕为由拒绝雇佣女性或以低工资雇佣女性；b.孕期女性劳动合同无规定试用期；c.如果雇员要求，雇主应允许怀孕女性缩短工作日或工作周，并按工作时间的比例支付工资。d.怀孕女性有享受有薪孕期及产期假期权利。（产前70天产后56天。）e.如雇佣有要求，女性员工在其子女满两周岁时应享有有薪产假。1)Women,whoarepregnantorhavechildrenuptotheageof3,havespecialstatusandtheirrightsareprotectedbylaw.Particularly:(a)Itisillegaltorefusetohirewomenortoemploythematreducedwageratesonthegroundsoftheirpregnancy. (b)Noprobationperiodisincludedinemploymentcontractswithpregnantwomen.(c)Ifrequestedbyanemployee,theemployershallallowpregnantwomentoworkashortenedworkingdayorweekandpaytheminproportiontothetimeworked.(d)Pregnantwomenareentitledtoanadditionalpaidleaveduringtheirpregnancyandpostnatalperiod(70calendardaysbeforeand56calendardaysafterthedelivery).(e)Ifrequestedbyanemployee,sheshallbegivenapaidmaternityleavebeforeherchildturns2.2）有两个或两个以上12岁以下子女的妇女有资格享受额外的三天带薪休假或两周长的无薪假期。2)Women,whohavetwoormorechildrenuptotheage12,arequalifiedtoanextrathreedayslongpaidleaveortwo-weeklongnon-paidleave.1、当地对劳工工时的规定，是否能够安排加班、夜班，是否有时长限制，具体是多少；Howabouttheregulationofworkinghours?What‘sthedetailregulationofovertime,nightshift?Andhowlongisashiftatmost? 1）正常工作时长不能超过40小时每周，晚班一般从22点到凌晨6点，晚班工作时间比白班减少1个小时。1）Normallengthofworkingtimecannotexceed40hoursinaweek:Nightshiftisfrom22.00to6.00.Thelengthofworkingtime(shift)atnightisreducedbyonehour.2）连续两天的加班时间不应超过4小时，加班工资不少于正常工作时间的2倍。2）Theovertimeworkcannotexceed4hoursin2consecutivedays.Thepaymentforovertimeworkshouldbenotlessthanattwo-foldratefortheregularhours.1、当地政策是否支持多种工资计算方式，如计时工资、计件工资等；Canthecalculationofwagesbemultiple,suchaspiecewageandhourlywage?1）计件工资与计时工资可并存。计薪方式及工资水平应由雇员与雇主共同商定。1）Yes,thecalculationofwagescanbesetbothaspiecewageandashourlywage.Theformofthewageanditsamountshallbeagreedbetweenanemployerandanemployee2、当地劳工罢工的有关规定及处理方法‘；What’stheregulationandprocesswhenastrikehappens?乌兹别克斯坦无关于罢工的具体规定。如果罢工以雇员集会形式 ，那么任何此类公众集会都应与地方当局商定。违反这类程序可能导致行政制裁。1）TheUzbeklegislationdoesnotspecificallyregulatestrikes.Ifthestriketakesformofagatheringofemployees,thenanysuchpublicgatheringshallbeagreedwithlocalauthorities.Thebreachofsuchproceduresmayleadtoadministrativesanctions.1、当地最低工资标准的规定；What’stheregulationaboutminimumsalary?当地最低工资为370,843苏姆，大约合计46美金。最近工资不包含附加福利、奖金和其他奖励金。Theminimumsalaryis370.843sum,whichisapproximatelyUSD46.Theminimumsalarydoesnotincludefringebenefits,bonusesandotherincentivepayments.2、当地社会保障政策，是否需要给劳动者购买社会保险，如何负担；Howaboutthesocialinsurancepolicy?Shouldtheemployerbuysocialinsurancefortheemployees?AndHowmuchtheinsuranceisforanemployee?所有员工都有权利领取国家社会保险。国家社会保险包括临时伤残津贴、怀孕和分娩津贴、额外的休假津贴等。雇主和雇员都有义务缴纳国家社会基金。雇员缴纳基数为工资8%，雇主为25%的税金。 Allemployeesarequalifiedtothestatesocialinsurance.Statesocialinsuranceincludestemporaryincapacityallowance,pregnancyanddeliveryallowance,extradayoffallowanceetc.Bothemployerandemployeesareunderobligationtomakecontributetothestatesocialfunds.Itis8%ofcurrentsalaryforemployeeand25%oftaxbaseforemployer.1、针对工伤，当地是否限期内申报、用工单位需要承担哪些费用；Howtoapplytheworkinjury?Isthereanydurationandwhatkindofexpensetheemployerhastocover?工伤事故需经调查和登记。在调查过程中，是否丧失劳动能力由医务伤残委员会鉴定。为补偿所造成的损害，用人单位应当支付：Theaccidentsatworkaresubjecttoinvestigationandregistration.Duringinvestigation,thedecreeoflossofoccupationalcapacityistobedeterminedbyMedicalDisabilityCommission.Tocompensatetheharmcaused,theemployershallpay:a）按月平均收入计算支付工伤人员工伤期间工资。(a)amonthlypaymentthatiscalculatedaspercentagetotheaveragemonthlyearningoftheinjuredemployeethatcorrespondstothelevelofthelossofearningcapacity;B ）其他因工伤而产生的额外支出，如医疗费、特殊辅助工具、康复费用等。(b)additionalcostscausedbytheworkinjury,liketreatmentcosts,purchaseofmedicine,purchaseofspecialvehicles,sanatorium-resorttherapyandetc.;andC）如在集体协议中有相关规定，一次性支付不少于工伤人员一年工资总额的补贴。(c)one-timeallowanceintheamountofnotlessthanone-yearearningoftheemployee,ifthepaymentofsuchallowanceisprovidedinthecollectiveagreementoragreementbetweentheemployerandtheemployee.1、当地休息休假的规定，有无强制要求用工单位给与假期的规定；Theregulationaboutholidayorannualleave,isthereanycompulsoryregulation?周日为法定休假日。一般来说，不允许在节假日安排工作。只有在工会或者职工代表机构事先核准的例外情况下，雇主才能安排员工在节假日工作。Sundayisacommondayoff.Generally,itisnotpermittedtoworkondays-offandholidays.Theemployermayattractanemployeetoworkondays-offandholidaysonlyinexceptionalcases,whichareapprovedinadvancebyalaborunionorarepresentativebodyoftheemployees.最低年假为15个工作日。 年假工资不应低于雇员月工资。只有在雇员同意的情况下，才能在假期期间召回雇员。Theminimumdurationofanannualleaveis15workingdays.Annualleavesarepaidintheamountofnotlessthanemployee’smonthlysalary.Theemployeemayberecalledfromtheleaveonlywithhisconsent.无薪假期不能超过3个月/年。Non-paidleavecannotexceed3monthsperyear.1、劳工患病后，是否要求用工单位给与生病期间工资或者对相关医疗费进行承担；Ifanemployeegetssick,howaboutthepaymentduringtheillnessandwhichexpensetheemployershouldcover?疾病意味着暂时丧失劳动能力，再次期间，雇主应支付病假工资。病假工资根据雇员缴纳社保时间的长短而定，浮动范围为雇员工资的60%-100%。Illnessmeanstemporarydisability.Inthiscase,employeristopaytheemployeeasickleaveallowance,whichvariesfrom60to100%oftheemployee’ssalary,dependingonhowlongtheemployeewasmakingcontributionsintothestatesocialfunds.2、劳工离开工厂，何种情况下工厂需要支付相关补偿Inwhatcircumstance,theemployerhastopaysomecompensationtoaleavingemployee. 用人单位终止劳动关系的，除劳动者违反劳动义务外，应当支付劳动者的遣散费，不得低于劳动者一个月的工资。Whenemploymentrelationsareterminatedattheinitiativeoftheemployer,exceptfortheemployee’sbreachofworkduties,theemployeeshallbepaidseverancepay,whichcannotbelessthanemployee’sone-monthsalary.1、当地有哪些法定假期？是否有特别的国假日或习俗日？AnylegalholidayinUzbekistan?Isthereanyspecialholidayorcustomday?乌兹别克斯坦一年总共有9个假日。Thereareninenon-workingholidaysinUzbekistan.2、当地工资发放日期是否有特别的规定？Howabouttheregulationaboutpaymentdate?工资应根据内部劳动制度、集体协议或劳动协议每两周支付一次。Salariesshallbepaidatleastonceafortnightonthedaydefinedbytheinternallaborregulationsofthecompany,thecollectiveagreementorlaborcontract.3、当地离职工资发放的时间和离职申请的时间是否有要求？Isthereanyregulationaboutthepaymenttimetoaleavingemployee?Andhowabouttheregulationabouttheleadtimeofresignation. 雇员应提前两周提出离职。如支付额度无争议，工资应在其离职日支付。Anemployeehasarighttoterminateemploymentrelationsbygiving2-weekadvancenotice.Thesettlementwithaleavingemployeeshallbemadeonhislastdayofemployment,providedthereisnodisputeastotheamountofsuchpayment.1、在吃住方面，是否有特别的要求和忌讳（例如：男女同一栋宿舍楼是否可以）Anyspecialrequirementortabooinaccommodation.（suchas,canfemaleandmaleliveinthesamebuilding.）如符合乌兹别克法律的安全、卫生要求的宿舍，没有关于住宿的特殊要求。如果男性和女性为配偶，可以安排一个公寓住宿。Thereisnospecialrequirementsregardingaccommodation,providedthesecomplywiththesafety,healthandsanitaryrequirementsofUzbeklaw.Maleandfemale,iftheyarespouses,areallowedtolivetogetherinthesameapartment.三、知识产权IntellectualProperty2、当地政府是否参与国际知识产权保护组织，对知识产权侵权的保护措施有哪些； DoesUzbekistanengageinanyiprprotectionorganization?What’retheprotectivemeasureswhenIP infringementhappens?乌兹别克斯坦于1991加入知识产权组织，并批准了所有有关知识产权保护的主要国际条约，包括《巴黎公约》1883、《专利法》第2000号条约和与《马德里协定》有关的议定书1989。在乌兹别克法律中提供了保护手段。UzbekistanjoinedWIPOin1991andalsoratifiedallthemaininternationaltreatiesregardingIntellectualPropertyprotection,includingParisConvention1883,PatentLawTreaty2000andProtocolRelatingtotheMadridAgreement1989.TheinstrumentsofprotectionareprovidedinUzbeklaw.1、当地申请知识产权的具体程序是什么？申请及维护费用大约多高？What’stheprocessofIntellectualPropertyapplication?How’sthecostofapplicationandkeepit.知识产权局是知识产权保护的授权机构。所申请的知识产权应提供新颖性、创造性和工业适用性的数据。审查后，知识产权由知识产权局授予。TheAgencyonIntellectualPropertyisanauthorizedbodyforIPprotection.Anapplicationshouldprovidedataabout novelty,inventivestepandindustrialapplicability.Afterexamination,objectsofIPshallbepatentedbyAgency.申请人必须支付提交专利申请的不同费用，例如专利审查费、专利期限延长等，如：a）工业产权：居民最低1个月工资，非居民420美元；b）第一类商标：居民，最低15个月工资，非居民600美金。Theapplicantisobligedtopaydifferentfeesforsubmission,forapatentexamination,forapatenttermextensionetc.,forexample:(a)industrialpropertyobjects–1minimalmonthlysalaryforresidentsandUSD420fornon-residents;(b)afirstclassoftrademark–1.5minimalmonthlysalaryforresidentsandUSD600fornon-residents.四、税务及政策优惠Taxandpreferentialpolicies1、当地政府对引入外资（合资）建造工厂是否有政府补贴？如有，需要达到哪些要求？Arethereanygovernmentsubsidiesaboutcompanieswithforeigninvestment?Ifso,inwhatcircumstancethecompanycanapply?乌兹别克的立法包括以下所列外国投资者的担保、救济和豁免，但没有提供政府补贴。TheUzbeklegislationcontainsguarantees,reliefsand exemptionsforforeigninvestorslistedbelow,butthereisnogovernmentsubsidiesprovided.1、当地对外资（合资）家居装饰封边行业生产企业产品是否有减免所得税（利润税））政策，减免比例是怎样的，减免期限是多久？Arethereanypreferentialtaxpoliciesforcompanieswithforeigninvestmentofedgebandingproduction?Ifso,what’sthepreferentialenterpriseincometaxrate,andforhowlongthepreferentialtaxpolicieslast?封边生产按正常征税。Edgebandingproductionshallbetaxedonacommonbasis.税法规定，免去新成立的公司2年财产税。这种政策不适用于租赁设备和基础设施运营的公司。TheTaxCodeprovidesforataxholidayof2yearsonpropertytaxfornewlyestablishedcompanies.Thisincentivedoesnotapplytocompaniesoperatingontheleasedoutequipmentandinfrastructureofothercompanies.此外，公司有权在5年的期内减少其应纳税所得税，用于技术升级、购置新设备、扩大生产，但不超过应纳税所得税额的30%。Moreover,companieshavearighttoreducetheirtaxableincomefor5yearsfortheamountofmoneydirectedat technologicalupgrading,acquiringnewequipment,expandingtheproduction,butfornotmorethan30%ofthetaxableincome.位于塔什干市小工业区内，同时在该工业区投资不少于56000美元，两年内免征企业所得税、财产税和统一工商税。IftheCompanyisqualifiedandlocatedinsmallindustrialzonesofTashkentcity,itwillbeexemptedfromcorporateincometax,propertytaxandunifiedtaxpaymentforaperiodoftwoyears,providednotlessthanaroundUSD56,000isinvestedintotherelevantindustrialzone.1、当地对外资（合资）设立生产企业土地使用是否征收土地税，如有，是否有相应减免政策。Isthereanylandtaxaboutcompanieswithforeigninvestment?Ifso,isthereanypreferentialpolicy?外资企业与本地企业同等缴纳土地税。Companieswithforeigninvestmentareobligedtopaylandtaxonthesamegroundsaslocalcompanies.Thereisnopreferentialpolicyprovidedinthisrespect.2、当地对外资（合资）企业进出口家居装饰封边行业产品是否有减免关税的政策Isthereanypolicyoftariffdiminutionorfreefor companieswithforeigninvestmentintheimportsorexportsofedgebandingindustry?无封标产业相关的关税优惠。Notariffreductionisprovidedforedgebandingindustry.此外，针对外资企业，乌兹别克斯坦法律有关税优惠政策，特别是免除用于自身生产需要的物资的关税；如进口技术设备及其零配件在乌兹别克斯坦政府所列的优惠清单中，免除其关税及进口税。However,Uzbeklawprovidescompanieswithforeigninvestmentscertaincustomsincentives,particularlythesecompaniesareexemptedfromcustomsdutiesforpropertyimportedforownproductionneeds.Moreover,technologicalequipmentandtheirsparepartsareexemptedfromcustomsdutiesandimportVAT,providedsuchequipmentisincludedintothelistsetbytheGovernmentofUzbekistan.1、其他对于外商投资企业的税收优惠政策有那些？Arethereanyotherpreferentialtaxpoliciesfortheforeigninvestmentofedgebandingproduction,whichisnotlistedabove?新设立的外商投资企业在注册后5年内受税收立法保护（即所谓的“祖父条款”，祖父条款是一种规定， 某些人或者某些实体已经按照过去的规定，从事一些活动，新的法规可以免除这些人或者这些实体的义务，不受新法律法规的约束，继续依照原有的规定办事。）。若投资额超过500万美元的，其时效延长至10年。Newlycreatedcompanieswithforeigninvestmentareprotectedfromtaxlegislationchangingduring5yearsafterregistration(so-called“grandfatherclause”).IftheamountofforeigninvestmentsexceedsUSD5millionthistermisextendedto10years.1、乌兹别克斯坦的外汇管制情况，特别对于企业的正常盈利分红、特许权使用费等情况PleaseadvisetheexchangecontrolpolicesofUzbekistan,especiallyforthedistributionofearningsorroyaltyexpensespayment乌兹别克公司的外国成员可以在缴纳有关税款后自由将其利润汇出海外。境外利润分配不存在外币兑换限制。ForeignmembersofUzbekcompaniesarefreetorepatriatetheirprofitsabroaduponpaymentofrelevanttaxes.Therearenoforeigncurrencyexchangelimitationsastodistributionofprofitsabroad.当地公司可以根据有关许可协议转换和支付国外专利税。外汇兑换没有限制。Thelocalcompanymayconvertandpayroyaltyabroadunderarelevantlicenseagreement.Thereisnolimitation offoreigncurrencyexchangeforthis.1、是否存在国际性银行或中资银行的分支机构IsthereanybranchoffamouslargebankorChinesebankinUzbekistan？目前在乌兹别克斯坦只有两家外资银行：韩国发展银行及乌兹别克土耳其银行。没有中资银行银行。ThereareonlytwoforeignbanksinUzbekistan–KoreanDevelopmentBankandUzbek-TurkishBank.TherearenocommerciallyoperatingChinesebanksinUzbekistan.五、合约管理contract2、当地对合同约定无效的情形有哪些？Inwhatcircumstance,acontractwillbejudgedinvalidinUzbekistan？在下列情况下，法院可承认合同无效：（a）一方当事人缺乏必要的法律能力；（b）交易性质、交易对象、交易的主体不符合实际；（c）合同不符合乌兹别克斯坦法律的要求；（d）订立合同的目的在本质上违反法律条规；（e）欺诈交易。Acontractmayberecognizedasinvalidbythecourtinfollowingcases:（a）Oneofthepartieslackstherequiredlegalcapacity;(b)A contractwasenteredintounderdelusionastothenatureofthedeal,identityand/orqualityofthesubject-matterofthedeal;(c)AcontractdoesnotcomplywiththerequirementsofUzbeklaw;(d)Acontractenteredintowithapurposethatisinessenceagainsttheruleoflaw;(e)Fraudulenttransactions.若合同被判定无效，合同双方应归还在合同条款下收到的对方所有物资，若无法执行，则以货币进行补偿。Ifacontractisconsideredvoid,thepartiesshallreturneachothereverythingreceivedundersuchcontract,and,ifthisisnotpossible,toreimbursedinmoney.六、业务资质及产品检测certificatesandproducttest1、是否需要取得相关行业许可、资质，产品质量管理体系认证等？Whetherindustrylicense,qualifications,qualitymanagementsystemsarerequired?封边生产无需许可证。需要注意的是，有些产品需要进行强制性产品认证。在不知道生产和/或进口产品的HS编码情况下，我们无法确认这些产品是否属于强制性认证范围。但是，由于封边属于塑料制品，我们假定这些产品可能会要求强制性认证（HS代码3917,3923和3924）。Nolicenseneededforedgebandingproduction.Itshouldbenotedthatsomeproductsaresubjecttomandatoryproductcertification.WithoutknowingtheHScodesoftheproductstobeproducedand/orimported,wearenotinapositionto confirmwhetherthesefallunderthemandatorycertificationrequirement,however,weassumethatthesemaysubjecttomandatorycertificationasproductsmadeofplastic(HSCode3917,3923and3924).质量管理体系认证不是强制性要求。公司可以自行开发和引进质量管理体系。Qualitymanagementsystemcertificationisnotobligatory.TheCompanymayitselfdevelopandintroducequalitymanagementsystems.1、产品出厂前，是否需要通过国家或行业协会的产品检测认定？Beforedelivery,whetherproducttestingbynationalorindustryassociationisrequired?“Uzstandart”是乌兹别克斯坦产品标准授权机构，制造商应通过该机构取得证书方可销售产品。“Uzstandart”isanauthorizedagencyforstandardizationandproductcertificationinUzbekistan.ProducersshallgetacertificateofconformityfromtheAgency.Itisprohibitedtosellproducedproductswithoutthecertificate.2、主管机关定期是否会对工厂、产品进行抽查？相关的行政处罚如何规定？Whetherregularinspectionofthefactoryorproductbytheadministrationhappens?What’stheregulationofadministration punishment?税务机关每年对公司的融资和经营活动做不超过一次的检查。如公司按时履行义务并拥有良好信誉，检查频率为每两年一次。FinancingandoperatingactivitiesofaCompanyshallbeanobjectoftaxinspection,whichcannottakeplacemoreoftenthanonceayear.Companies,whichfulfilltheirliabilitiesintimeandingoodfaith,shallbeinspectedonceeverytwoyears.产品检验条款应根据生产和交货范围的性质在公司和认证机构之间的协议中规定。TermsofproductinspectionshallbestipulatedintheagreementbetweenCompanyandCertificationBodiesdependingonthecharacteroftheproductionandscopesofdelivery.与财务无关的其他检查，如消防卫生等，通常为每年一次。Inspections,whicharenotrelatedtofinancialactivitiesoftheCompany(fire,sanitaryinspection)，areusuallyconductedatthesametimeonceayear.违反税法惩罚力度取决于违规的性质及造成的损失额度。Thetypeandamountofpunishmentforviolationoftaxlegislationvariessignificantlyanddependsonthenatureofaviolationandtheamountoflossescausedbysuchviolation.