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ID:34633522
大小:3.16 MB
页数:183页
时间:2019-03-08
《《公共财政与公共政策——课后习题答案》英文版(Public Finance and Public Policy——Solutions Manual)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、SolutionsandActivitiesforCHAPTER1WHYSTUDYPUBLICFINANCE?QuestionsandProblems1.Manystateshavelanguageintheirconstitutionsthatrequiresthestatetoprovideforan“adequate”levelofeducationspending.Whatistheeconomicrationaleforsucharequirement?Therearetwoeconom
2、icrationalesforgovernmentprovisionofagoodorservice:mar-ketfailureandredistribution.Amarketfailureargumentforstateprovisionofeducationwouldbethataneducatedpopulationbenefitssocietygenerallybecause,forexample,well-educatedindividualshavebetterjobprospec
3、tsandarethereforelesslikelytocommitcrimes.Eachpersonwhoreceivesaneducationreceivesaprivatebenefit(e.g.,higherwagerate)andalsoconfersapositiveexternalityonthecommunity(e.g.,lowercrimerate).Intheabsenceofpublicprovisionofeducation,self-interestedpeoplew
4、ouldacquireless-than-optimallev-elsofeducationbecausetheywouldnottakeintoaccountitsexternalbenefit.Publiceduca-tioncancorrectthismarketfailure.Anargumentcanalsobemadethatpubliceducationisredistributivebecauseitincreasesthehumancapitalofallstudentsrega
5、rdlessoftheirindi-vidualeconomicstatus.2.Howhasthecompositionoffederalandstateandlocalgovernmentspendingchangedoverthepast40years?Whatsocialandeconomicfactorsmighthavecon-tributedtothischangeinhowgovernmentsspendtheirfunds?Since1960,therehasbeenamarke
6、dshiftoffederalspendingawayfromdefensespend-ingandtowardspendingonSocialSecurityandhealthcare.In1960,defensespendingac-countedforapproximatelyhalfofthefederalbudget,whileSocialSecurityandhealthcarecombinedaccountedforabout15%ofthebudget.In2001,SocialS
7、ecurityandhealthcarespendingeachexceededdefensespending,whichaccountedforlessthan20%oftotalfed-eralspending.Healthspendinghasalsoincreasedasafractionofstateandlocalspending,morethandoublingoverthelast40years.Otherwise,thecompositionofthestateandlocals
8、pendinghasbeenrelativelystableoverthattime.TheincreasesinexpendituresonSocialSecurityandhealthcarereflecttheagingofthepopulation.Asthebabyboomgenerationhasaged,ithashadagreaterneedforthesekindsofspending.Furthermore,thisgenerationhasplayedanin
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