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1、FORBEDFORD/ST.MARTIN’SDevelopmentalEditor:AnneLeungProductionEditor:KatherineCaruanaProductionSupervisor:JenniferPetersonMarketingManager:CaseyCarrollEditorialAssistant:MelissaCookCopyeditor:LisaWehrleIndexer:SteveCsipkeTextDesign:ClaireSeng-NiemoellerCoverDesign:DonnaLeeDennisonCo
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3、:EliseS.KaiserManagingEditor:ElizabethM.SchaafLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008923919Copyright©2009byBedford/St.Martin’sAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,oroth
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5、FTHEDITIONACommonsenseGuidetoGrammarandUsageLarryBeasonUniversityofSouthAlabamaMarkLesterEasternWashingtonUniversityBedford/St.Martin’sBoston◆NewYorkBriefContentsPREFACEFORINSTRUCTORSvWHYUSETHISBOOK—FORSTUDENTSxiiHOWTOUSETHISBOOKxivGRAMMARWITHOUTTEARS1UnitOneUnderstandingtheBasicSe
6、ntence71Fragments92Run-ons:FusedSentencesandCommaSplices20UnitTwoMakingSubjectsandVerbsAgree323Nearest-NounAgreementErrors344AgreementwithThereisandTherewas425AgreementwithCompoundSubjects49UnitThreeUsingCorrectVerbTenses576Present,Past,andTenseShifting597ThePastandthePerfectTenses
7、68UnitFourUnderstandingPronouns788PronounAgreement809VaguePronouns:This,That,andIt8910ChoosingtheCorrectPronounForm9811Who,Whom,andThat10712EliminatingSexistPronouns116UnitFivePlacingandPunctuatingModifiers12713DanglingModifiers12914MisplacedandSquintingAdverbs138UnitSixUsingCommasCo
8、rrectly14915CommaswithAnd,