应用语言学知识点总结

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1、Josylee教材课程应用语言学复习知识点总结Chapter4firstlanguageacquisitionDifferencesbetweenSaussureandChomskySaussure’sobjectiveistodescribethelanguagesystem(langue),butparoleisanindividualact.Saussureismoreconcernedwithitssociologicalaspect.Chomsky’sobjectiveistochara

2、cterizethenativespeaker’sknowledgeofthesystemofhislanguage(competence).Chomskyismoreconcernedwithitspsychologicalaspect.Howisthefirstlanguageacquired?Traditionalassumption:imitationandpracticeChomsky’screativehypothesis-testing---languageacquisitionis

3、basedonthechild’sdiscoveryofadeepandabstracttheory----agenerativegrammarofhislanguage(childhearallkindsofutterance,buthechooseonlywhatfitshisneeds.Hisownutterances(performance)areoriginalandnovel.)Thedeepeststructureofalllanguagemaybethesame-----Unive

4、rsalGrammar(UG)inChomsky’stheory.MajorL1acquisitiontheories-----theprocessofL1acquisition1,Behavioristtheories:Thesetheoriesfollowtheempiricistapproach,emphasizingthattheonlywayofknowinganythingisbyexperiencingitphysically.Basictenet原则:sinceonecannoto

5、bservehisinternalstates,whichisregardedasa“blackbox”,henceonecannotknowanythingaboutthem,anystatementsabouttheinternalstatesorprocessaremeaningless.Theonlymeaningfulstatementsabouttheorganismconcernwhatgoesintoit(stimulus)andwhatcomesoutofit(response)

6、.Objective:istodiscoverandcreatepredictablerelationship/associationbetweenstimulusandresponse.1)imitation-reinforcementtheories----skinnerBasicidea:verbalbehavior,likeotherhumanbehaviors,iscontrolledbyitsconsequences.Intheprocessoffirstlanguageacquisi

7、tion,ifacertaincorrectresponseisrepeatedlyreinforced,itisconditionedandbecomesahabit,thenfinallythechildacquireshisnativelanguage.2)mediationtheories-------------------------tofillthe“blackbox”Basicideal:twothingconnectingwithathirdthingtendtobeinasso

8、ciatingwitheachother.Onetheassociationisestablished,aninternallinkisbuiltupevenwhenthethirdthingisnotpresent.Mowrer’stheory:awordisaconditionedstimuluswhilethethingtowhichthewordrefersistheunconditionedstimulus.Osgood’stheory:three-stagemedita