应用语言学知识点总结

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1、Josylee教材课程应用语言学复习知识点总结Chapter4firstlanguageacquisitionDifferencesbetweenSaussureandChomskySaussure’sobjectiveistodescribethelanguagesystem(langue),butparoleisanindividualact.Saussureismoreconcernedwithitssociologicalaspect.Chomsky’sobjectiveistocharacterizethenativespeaker’sknowledgeofthesyst

2、emofhislanguage(competence).Chomskyismoreconcernedwithitspsychologicalaspect.Howisthefirstlanguageacquired?Traditionalassumption:imitationandpracticeChomsky’screativehypothesis-testing---languageacquisitionisbasedonthechild’sdiscoveryofadeepandabstracttheory----agenerativegrammarofhislanguage(

3、childhearallkindsofutterance,buthechooseonlywhatfitshisneeds.Hisownutterances(performance)areoriginalandnovel.)Thedeepeststructureofalllanguagemaybethesame-----UniversalGrammar(UG)inChomsky’stheory.MajorL1acquisitiontheories-----theprocessofL1acquisition1,Behavioristtheories:Thesetheoriesfollo

4、wtheempiricistapproach,emphasizingthattheonlywayofknowinganythingisbyexperiencingitphysically.Basictenet原则:sinceonecannotobservehisinternalstates,whichisregardedasa“blackbox”,henceonecannotknowanythingaboutthem,anystatementsabouttheinternalstatesorprocessaremeaningless.Theonlymeaningfulstateme

5、ntsabouttheorganismconcernwhatgoesintoit(stimulus)andwhatcomesoutofit(response).Objective:istodiscoverandcreatepredictablerelationship/associationbetweenstimulusandresponse.1)imitation-reinforcementtheories----skinnerBasicidea:verbalbehavior,likeotherhumanbehaviors,iscontrolledbyitsconsequence

6、s.Intheprocessoffirstlanguageacquisition,ifacertaincorrectresponseisrepeatedlyreinforced,itisconditionedandbecomesahabit,thenfinallythechildacquireshisnativelanguage.2)mediationtheories-------------------------tofillthe“blackbox”Basicideal:twothingconnectingwithathirdthingtendtobeinassociating

7、witheachother.Onetheassociationisestablished,aninternallinkisbuiltupevenwhenthethirdthingisnotpresent.Mowrer’stheory:awordisaconditionedstimuluswhilethethingtowhichthewordrefersistheunconditionedstimulus.Osgood’stheory:three-stagemedita