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1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译原文:TheFinancialRisksinBOTProjects.Inthisresearch,financialrisksareconsideredastherisksthathaveanegativeimpactonthecashflowsofthefinancialplaninawaythatendangersproject’sviabilityorlimitsprofitability.ItincludesaboutseverallevelsofMarket-rootedrisks.LoanriskThe
2、loansgrantedtotheconcessionairetofundtheconstructionofaBOTprojectcanbeofseveraltypes;short-orlong-termloans,withfixedorfloatinginterestrate,withsimpleorcompoundinterest.Thetypeoftheloan,thecost,whichincludesallnecessarycoststotakeitoutandtheinterestratestorepayitandanyneces
3、saryspecificprovisionsareincludedinthespecificloansystemthatgovernsthewholelifecycleoftheproject.Theappropriatepercentageofloanstotheoverallfundingplanisafunctionofmanyparametersincluding,amongothers,considerationsofconflictinginterestsbetweenthelendersandtheborrowers,credi
4、bilityofthelendingorganizationsandtheborrowers,abilityforadditionalloansorrenewaloftheexistingonesandsafetyofthedebtamortizationschedule.Anon-protectedloansystemagainstallriskswoulddiscouragepotentiallendersfromfundingtheprojectinthefirstplaceorwouldforcethemtotakeextrasecu
5、ritymeasuresfortheirinvestmentwithaconsequentoverburdenofthetotalcosts.Difficultiesoftheconcessionaireinservingthedebtofloanscancauseimpositionofheavierloanconditionssuchasadditionalguarantees,strictersupervisionmeasures,higherinterestrates,fasterdebtamortization,restrictio
6、nsindividendsandstricterrequirementsforbalancedliquidity.Inextremecases,lenderscouldevenclaimtoundertaketheproject.FallofdemandThedemandfortheproductorserviceofferedbyaBOTprojectisnotguaranteed.Thefuturepreferencebytheend-usersmaybeadverselyaffectedbyseveralparameters.Theec
7、onomicenvironmentisoneofthemostimportantofthem.Anincreaseoftheinflationoradevaluationofthecurrencyreducethepurchasingabilityoftheusersand,therefore,diminishdemand.Theguaranteesprovidedthroughtheoff-takeagreementonlypartiallycovertheconcessionaireiftheexistingrateofreturnisr
8、arelysufficient.Theriskofthefalloftheproduct’sorservice’sdemandisveryimportantands