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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文：Multi-echeloninventorymanagementinsupplychainsHistorically,theechelonsofthesupplychain,warehouse,distributors,retailers,etc.,havebeenmanagedindependently,bufferedbylargeinventories.Increasingcompetitivepressuresandmarketglobalizationareforcingfirmstodeve
2、lopsupplychainsthatcanquicklyrespondtocustomerneeds.Toremaincompetitiveanddecreaseinventory,thesefirmsmustusemulti-echeloninventorymanagementinteractively,whilereducingoperatingcostsandimprovingcustomerservice.Supplychainmanagement(SCM)isanintegrativeapproachforplanninga
3、ndcontrolofmaterialsandinformationflowswithsuppliersandcustomers,aswellasbetweendifferentfunctionswithinacompany.Thisareahasdrawnconsiderableattentioninrecentyearsandisseenasatoolthatprovidescompetitivepower.SCMisasetofapproachestointegratesuppliers,manufacturers,warehou
4、ses,andstoresefficiently,sothatmerchandiseisproducedanddistributedatrightquantities,totherightlocationsandattherighttime,inordertominimizesystem-widecostswhilesatisfyingservice-levelrequirements.Sothesupplychainconsistsofvariousmembersorstages.Asupplychainisadynamic,stoc
5、hastic,andcomplexsystemthatmightinvolvehundredsofparticipants.Inventoryusuallyrepresentsfrom20to60percentofthetotalassetsofmanufacturingfirms.Therefore,inventorymanagementpoliciesprovecriticalindeterminingtheprofitofsuchfirms.Inventorymanagementis,toagreaterextent,releva
6、ntwhenawholesupplychain(SC),namelyanetworkofprocurement,transformation,anddeliveringfirms,isconsidered.InventorymanagementisindeedamajorissueinSCM,i.e.anapproachthataddressesSCissuesunderanintegratedperspective.InventoriesexistthroughouttheSCinvariousformsforvariousreaso
7、ns.ThelackofacoordinatedinventorymanagementthroughouttheSCoftencausesthebullwhipeffect,namelyanamplificationofdemandvariabilitymovingtowardstheupstreamstages.Thiscausesexcessiveinventoryinvestments,lostrevenues,misguidedcapacityplans,ineffectivetransportation,missedprodu
8、ctionschedules,andpoorcustomerservice.Manyscholarshavestudiedtheseproblems,aswellasemphasizedtheneedofi
