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1、JournalofInternationalManagement16(2010)60–77ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofInternationalManagementDecadesofresearchonmarketentrymodes:Whatdowereallyknowaboutexternalantecedentsofentrymodechoice?a,⁎,HannaSchramm-KleinbcDirkMorschett,BernhardSwobodaaUniver
2、sityofFribourg,BoulevarddePérolles90,CH-1700Fribourg,SwitzerlandbUniversityofSiegen,GermanycUniversityofTrier,GermanyarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:ThechoiceofamodeofmarketentryisacriticalcomponentoftheinternationalizationReceived23July2008strategy,andnumerousempiric
3、alstudieshavefocusedonthistopic.Priorresearch,however,Receivedinrevisedform22June2009hasprovidedmixedempiricalevidenceandthus,isdifficulttointerpretandreview.Accepted15September2009Thisstudyexaminestheexternalantecedentsofthechoiceofentrymodebymeta-analyzingAvailableonli
4、ne12January2010datafrom72independentprimarystudies.Wefocusonthedecisionbetweenwhollyownedsubsidiariesandcooperativeentrymodes.Foreachvariable,hypothesesaboutthetheoreticallyKeywords:expecteddirectionofeffectarepositedandtested.EntrymodeWefindastrongpositiverelationshipbe
5、tweenpowerdistanceasaculturaltraitofthefirm'sMarketentrystrategyhomecountryandthepropensitytoestablishawhollyownedsubsidiary.Ontheotherhand,CooperativeentrymodeWhollyownedsubsidiarywefindanegativeassociationbetweencountryrisk,legalrestrictions,marketgrowth,andMeta-analysi
6、smarketsizeandthepreferenceforwhollyownedsubsidiaries.Weextensivelydiscusstheimplicationsofthemeta-analyticalresultsandinvestigatemoderatingeffectsofindustrytypeandthetimeofthestudy.Therelationshipbetweenincomelevelofthehostcountryandentrymodedepends,tosomedegree,onthei
7、ndustrytype.Servicecompaniesexhibitanegativerelationshipbetweenincomelevelandwhollyownedsubsidiaries,whilemanufacturingcompaniesshowapositiverelationship.©2009ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionSincethebeginningofIBresearch,thechoiceofamarketentrymodehasbeencon
8、sideredoneofthemostimportantdecisionsintheinternationalizationprocess(e.g.,WindandPerlmutter,1977;AndersonandG