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1、提要《黄帝内经》成书前的时代，由于年代的悠久、文献资料的缺乏以及神话传说的混杂，医学史对这一时期的描述不甚清晰。有鉴于此，本文在搜集整理相关史籍、医籍及道家典籍资料的基础上，从纵向梳理与横向关联的角度，以《黄帝内经》成书前为主要考察范围，分析巫、方士、道家三者与中医的关系，以及三者之间内在的嬗变关系。研究认为，原始社会时期存在巫、医混杂的现象，医生的职责最早由巫来承担，到《周礼》将巫与医分别列于不同的职司体系时，医、巫开始分化；战国秦汉时期，巫的变体方士阶层兴起，求仙寻药风气大兴，医学作为方技的一种，主要操于方士之手；《黄帝内经》是一部黄老道
2、家著作，历史上许多医家是道医。道家与方士、巫之间存在千丝万缕的联系，道家、方士的源流皆可上溯于巫，到东汉末年，三者共同参与了道教的形成，道士沿袭巫医、方士医掌握的医药技术知识，成为道医的重要组成部分。关键词巫；方士；道家；中医；关系ResearchontheRelationshipamongWitch,Alchemist,TaoismandTCM:TheStudyMainlyontheTimesbeforeHuangDiNeiJingSpecialty:LiteratureinTCMAuthor:DuFeng-juanTutor:Profes
3、sorZangShou-huAbstractBecauseofthelackofinformationandtheconfusionofmythsandlegends,thedescriptionofthemedicalhistoryofthetimesbeforeHuangDiNeiJingisfarfromclear.Inviewofthis,thisarticlecollectedmuchinformationabouthistory,TCMandTaoism,analyzedtherelationshipofthewitch,alch
4、emist,TaoismandTCM,aswellastheinnertransmutationrelationsfromthelongitudinalandhorizontalperspective.Asaconclusion,thestudiessuggestthattherewasthephenomenonofwitchcraftmixedwithmedicineinprimitivesocietyanddoctors’dutiesshoulderedbythewitchatthattime.Whentheywerelistedindi
5、fferentfunctionalsystemsinZhouLi,witchanddoctorsbegantodifferentiate.DuringtheWarringStatesandtheQinandHandynasties,alchemistsandalchemyboardedthestageofhistoryandtheactionsofQiuxianandseekingelixirbecameverypopular.AsoneoftheFangji,medicinewasmanipulatedinthehandsofthealch
6、emist.HuangDiNeiJingisaHuang-laoTaoismwritings.ManydoctorsinthehistorywereDaoyi.TherewerecomplexrelationshipsamongTaoism,alchemistandwitch.Forexample,bothTaoismandalchemistcanbetracedbacktothewitch.TotheEasternHanDynasty,thethreetogetherparticipatedintheformationofTaoism.Th
7、eTaoistfollowedthemedicalmedicinalknowledgeofthewitchdoctorandalchemist,becameanimportantpartofDaoyi.KeywordsWitch;Alchemist;Taoism;TCM;relations目录引言.............................................................................................................................
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