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1. the physical design of the internet (82195) 1 an introduction to the internet networking

1. the physical design of the internet (82195) 1 an introduction to the internet networking

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时间：2019-02-27

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1、AnIntroductiontotheInternetNetworkingEnvironmentandSIMNET/DISbyJohnLocke(Internet:jxxl@cs.nps.navy.mil)ComputerScienceDepartment,NavalPostgraduateSchool1.THEPHYSICALDESIGNOFTHEINTERNETTheInternetistheworld’slargestdatanetwork.ItwasoriginallydevelopedbyBolt

2、BeranekandNewman,Inc.(BBN)inthelateseventiesundertheauspicesoftheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA).Thebasicoperationofthenetworkispacket-switching--thesendinghostdividesablockofdataintopackets,transmitseachpacketindividuallyandthereceivinghostre

3、assemblesthem.Inbetween,thepacketssharethesamenetworkbandwidthwithpacketsfromotherhosts.Notehowthisdiffersfromacircuit-switchednetworklikethephonesystem.Duringaphonecall,callerandreceivershareexclusiveuseofarangeofthenetworkbandwidth.Sothereisnooverlapbetw

4、eenthephonesystemandtheInternet,thecablingisseparate,theoperationisdifferent.However,thetwosystemsdointerfacewhereInternet-connectedsystemshavemodemsandprovideservices,likeelectronicmailtransfer,tonon-Internethosts.TheInternetwassonamedbecauseitdrewtogethe

5、ranumberofseparatenetworksintoasinglecohesivesystem.Amongothers,theseincludedtheMILNET,theNSFNET,andtheoriginaltestbed,theARPANET.BecauseoftheInternet’sdistributeddesign,newnetworkscanbeaddedtothesystemwithminimaleffort.NPS,forexample,ispartoftheBayAreaRes

6、earchNetwork(BARRNET),whichprimarilyservicestheSanFranciscoBayArea,butextendsasfarsouthasMontereyandtoDavis,Californiatothenortheast.Withinthesenetworksarelocallyadminis-teredentitieslikeNPS.Inturn,wearesubdividedintolocal-areanetworks(LANs)connectedtoacam

7、pusbackbonenetwork.Individualnetworks,largeandsmall,areconnectedbygateways,of-tenspecial-purposehardwarecalledrouters,whosepurposeistotransferpacketsfromonenet-worktoanother,ifitgetsthemclosertotheirdestination.Thefollowingfigureillustratestherelationshipbe

8、tweennetworksandgatewaysintheComputerScienceDepartment.NotethatbecauseoftheuniformdesignoftheInternet,anypartofitisami-crocosmofthewhole.ThehorizontallinesrepresentEthernetcables,acommon,butnotrequired,LANmed

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