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1、IambicpentameterisacommonlyusedtypeofmetricallineintraditionalEnglishpoetryandversedrama.Thetermdescribestherhythmthatthewordsestablishinthatline,whichismeasuredinsmallgroupsofsyllablescalled"feet".Theword"iambic"referstothetypeoffootthatisused,knownastheiamb,whichinEnglishisanunstressedsyllablefol
2、lowedbyastressedsyllable.Theword"pentameter"indicatesthatalinehasfiveofthese"feet".IambicrhythmscomerelativelynaturallyinEnglish.IambicpentameteristhemostcommonmeterinEnglishpoetry;itisusedinmanyofthemajorEnglishpoeticforms,includingblankverse,theheroiccouplet,andsomeofthetraditionalrhymedstanzafor
3、ms.WilliamShakespeareusediambicpentameterinhisplaysandsonnets.AllegoryFirstattestedinEnglishin1382,thewordallegorycomesfromLatinallegoria,thelatinisationoftheGreekἀλληγορία(allegoria),"veiledlanguage,figurative,"[3]whichinturncomesfrombothἄλλος(allos),"another,different"[4]andἀγορεύω(agoreuo),"toha
4、rangue,tospeakintheassembly"[5]whichoriginatefromἀγορά(agora),"assembly".Asaliterarydevice,anallegoryinitsmostgeneralsenseisanextendedmetaphor.Allegoryhasbeenusedwidelythroughoutthehistoriesofallformsofart,largelybecauseitreadilyillustratescomplexideasandconceptsinwaysthatarecomprehensibletoitsview
5、ers,readers,orlisteners.Allegoriesaretypicallyusedasliterarydevicesorrhetoricaldevicesthatconveyhiddenmeaningsthroughsymbolicfigures,actions,imagery,and/orevents,whichtogethercreatethemoral,spiritual,orpoliticalmeaningtheauthorwishestoconvey.P17Ballad(民谣)Inmoreexactliteraryterminology,aballadisanar
6、rativepoemconsistingofquatrainsofiambictetrameteralternatingwithiambictrimeter.BalladsderivefromthemedievalFrenchchansonballadéeorballade,whichwereoriginally"dancingsongs".BalladswereparticularlycharacteristicofthepopularpoetryandsongoftheBritishIslesfromthelatermedievalperioduntilthe19thcenturyand
7、usedextensivelyacrossEuropeandlatertheAmericas,AustraliaandNorthAfrica.Commontraits（特征）oftheballadarethat(a)thebeginningisoftenabrupt,(b)thestoryistoldthroughdialogueandaction(c)thelanguageissimpleor“folksy
