资源描述：
《补充阅读 sima qian biography》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、SimaQianBiographySimaQian(ca.145–86BC)wasaPrefectoftheGrandScribes(太史令)oftheHanDynasty.HeisregardedasthefatherofChinesehistoriographybecauseofhishighlypraisedwork,RecordsoftheGrandHistorian(史记),anoverviewofthehistoryofChinacoveringmorethantwothousandyearsfromtheYellowEmperor
2、toEmperorHanWudi(汉武帝).HisdefinitiveworklaidthefoundationforlaterChinesehistoriography.EarlylifeandeducationSimaQianwasbornandgrewupinLongmen,nearpresent-dayHancheng,Shaanxi.Hewasraisedinafamilyofhistoriographers.Hisfather,SimaTan,servedasthePrefectoftheGrandScribesofEmperorW
3、uofHan(Emperor"HanWudi").Hismainresponsibilitiesweremanagingtheimperiallibraryandcalendarwatching(fornationalday).Undertheinfluenceofhisfather,attheageoften,SimaQianwasalreadywellversedinoldwritings.HewasthestudentofthefamousConfuciansKongAnguo(孔安国)andDongZhongshu.Attheageof
4、twenty,withthesupportofhisfather,SimaQianstartedajourneythroughoutthecountry,collectingusefulfirst-handhistoricalrecordsforhismainwork,Shiji.Thepurposeofhisjourneywastoverifytheancientrumorsandlegendsandtovisitancientmonuments,includingtherenownedgravesoftheancientsagekingsY
5、uandShun.PlaceshehadvisitedincludeShandong,Yunnan,Hebei,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,JiangxiandHunan.Afterhistravels,hewaschosentobeaPalaceAttendantinthegovernmentwhosedutiesweretoinspectdifferentpartsofthecountrywithEmperorHanWudi.In110BC,attheageofthirty-five,SimaQianwassentwestwardon
6、amilitaryexpeditionagainstsome"barbarian"tribes.Thatyear,hisfatherfellillandcouldnotattendtheImperialFengSacrifice.Suspectinghistimewasrunningout,hesummonedhissonbacktocompletethehistoricalworkhehadbegun.SimaTanwantedtofollowtheAnnalsofSpringandAutumn-thefirstchronicleintheh
7、istoryofChineseliterature.Fuelledbyhisfather'sinspiration,SimaQianstartedtocompileShijiin109BC.In105BC,Simawasamongthescholarschosentoreformthecalendar.Asaseniorimperialofficial,Simawasalsointhepositiontooffercounseltotheemperorongeneralaffairsofstate.PortraitofSimaQianIn99B
8、C,SimaQiangotinvolvedintheLiLingAffair:LiLingandLiGuangli(李广利),twomilitaryo
