Invitations to Linguistics -

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1、ChapterOneInvitationstoLinguistics外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》Outline1.1Definitionoflinguistics1.2Scopeoflinguistics1.3Somedistinctionsinlinguistics1.4Definitionsoflanguage1.5Functionsoflanguage1.6Task外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》1.1.1DefinitionsLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedas

2、thescientificstudyoflanguage.(Dai&He,p.1)Linguistics,asthenamesuggests,isthescienceoflanguageandthusisusuallydefinedasthesystematicstudyoflanguageor,adisciplinethatdescribesallaspectsoflanguageandformulatetheoriesastohowlanguageworks.(Yang,2005,p.27)

3、LongmanDictionaryofLanguageTeaching&AppliedLinguisticsdefineslinguisticsasthestudyoflanguageasasystemofhumancommunication.1.1Definitionoflinguistics外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》Generallinguisticsprovidesdescriptivelinguisticswithageneralframeworkinwhichaparticular

4、languagecanbeanalyzedanddescribed.Generallinguisticsanddescriptivelinguisticsarecomplementarytoeachother.Englishlinguisticsisakindofdescriptivelinguistics.(termedbyJohnLyon,inWen,p.1)1.2Generallinguisticsvs.descriptivelinguistics外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》1.2.1M

5、icrolinguisticsPhonetics:thestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticscommunicationPhonology:howsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationMorphology:thestudyofthewayinwhichthelinguisticssymbolsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwordsSyntax:thestudyofther

6、ulesgoverninghowwordsarecombinedtoformgrammaticallypermissiblesentencesSemantics:thestudyofmeaningPragmatics:thestudyoflanguageuse1.2Scopeoflinguistics外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》1.2.2MacrolinguisticsSociolinguistics:thestudyofdifferentsocialaspectsoflanguageandi

7、tsrelationwithsocietyPsycholinguistics:relatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychologyAppliedlinguistics:applicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguagesNeurolinguistics:thestudyoftherelationshipbe

8、tweenbrainandlanguage外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》1.3.1PrescriptiveanddescriptivePrescriptive:laydownrulesforcorrectandstandardbehaviorinusinglanguageDescriptive:aimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse1.3Somedistinctionsinlinguistics外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》1.3