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ID:24780521
大小:577.50 KB
页数:42页
时间:2018-11-15
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1、ChaptertwoLinguisticsasascienceObjectivesKnowingwhatislinguisticsUnderstandingthedevelopmentoflinguisitcsDifferentiatingthedifferenttermsoflinguisticsMasteringthescopeoflinguisticsfromthemicroandmacropointofviewContentⅠ.Thedefinitionoflinguistics.Ⅱ.Thehistoryoflinguistic
2、s.Ⅲ.ImportanttermsoflinguisticsⅣ.BranchesoflinguisticsⅠ.ThedefinitionoflinguisticsLinguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificorsystematicstudyoflanguage.GroupworkEachgroup(2or3)chooseacertainperiodinthedevelopmentoflinguistics.Readthepassagefor2minutes.Useafewsentences(nomore
3、than3sentences)toreporttotheclassthemainideaofthereading.Whenlistening,therestoftheclassunderlinetheimportantinformationmentionedbyclassmates.Ⅱ.AbriefhistoryoflinguisticsAncienttimesTheMiddleAgesRenaissancePeriodThe18thcenturyThe19thcenturyThefirsthalfof20thcentury:struc
4、turalismThesecondhalfof20thcenturyAncienttimesInChina:graphology,phonology,semanticsInIndia:grammar,phonetics,phonology,semanticsInGreece:natureandoriginsoflanguage,grammarInRoman:followingtheGreektraditionMiddleagesGrammarwasofgreatimportancespeculativegrammar:grammarno
5、tionswerereinterpretedwithintheframeworkofphiosophyin13thand14thcentury.RenaissanceAlllanguagesotherthanlatinarebeenobserved.Thespeculativegrammarwasstronglyrejected.The18thcenturyThedevelopmentofcomparativemethod(asetofprincipleswherebylanguagescouldbesystematicallycomp
6、aredintheirsoundsystem,grammaticalstructureandvocabularyandareshowntobegenealogicallyrelated)e.g.thecomparative-historicalmethodindo-europeanlanguagesThe19thcenturyTheviewoflangaugeisestablishedbyHumbolt:languagesshareabasicstructurewhichreflectsuniversalcharacteristicso
7、fhumanthought.(oneofthefoundationsofChomsky’stheoryoflanguage)Thefirsthalfofthe20thcenturyFerdinanddeSaussurechangedlinguisticthinkingawayfromthefocusonhistoricalcomparison,andledtoanumberofdifferentschoolsofthoughtinlinguistics,togetherconsideredasstructuralism.Whatisst
8、ructuralism?Structuralismbelievesthatlanguageisamoreorlesscoherentandintegratedsystem,andemphasizesthe
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