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1、全球变暖，谁来买单？Poorercountriesinsisttherewillbenoenvironmentalagreementunlesswealthycountrieshelpthemadapttothepossibleeffectsofglobalwarming.SamuelFankhauseroffersablueprintforcooperation.AsthemostimportantenvironmentalconferenceinmorethanadecadegetsunderwayinCopenhagent
2、hisweek,muchofthetalk,asusual,isonreducinggreenhouse-gasemissions.Butthere'sanotherissuethatneedstobeaddressedonethatiscrucialforreachinganoverallagreement,butdoesn'tgetnearlyasmuchattention.Thatissueisadaptation.Withoutadealonhowtocopewiththepossibleeffectsofclimate
3、change,therewillbenoagreementinCopenhagenoratanyfutureconference,forthatmatter.That'sbecausedevelopingcountries,whichlikelywillsuffersomeoftheworstimpactofanysignificantwarming,havemadeitclearthattheywillnotagreetoanemissions-reductionpackagewithoutsubstantialhelpinc
4、opingwiththeincreasedflooding,droughtanddiseasethatmanyscientistssaywillresultfromawarmingplanet.Reachingsuchadealwon'tbeeasy.Butthegoodnewsisthatit'salotmoredoablethanitwasjustafewyearsago,whenjusttalkingaboutadaptationwasthoughttomeangivinguponreducingemissions.Byc
5、ontrast,agrowingnumberofpeoplenowbelievethatsomeadaptationisunavoidable.Howmuchadaptation?That'shardtosay.ButmanyscientistsdoubtwewillhaltglobalwarmingatlessthantwodegreesCelsius(3.6degressFahrenheit).Thatmaynotsoundlikemuch.Butjustlookaroundtoseehowfine-tunedourecon
6、omiesaretothecurrentclimate.Achangeoftwodegreeswillpotentiallyaffectconsumerbehavior(wherewelive,whatwewear,wherewegoonvacation),productiondecisions(howweproduceourfood)andthedesignofourbuildingsandinfrastructure.Morespecifically,iftemperaturesweretorisebytwodegreeso
7、rmore,farmersmighthavetochangecrops,plantingdates,fertilizerandpesticideregimes.Watercompaniesmighthavetoinvestinnewreservoirs,andmaybebuilddesalinationplantstodealwithdroughts.Hydroelectric-powerstationsmighthavetobeadaptedtoaccommodatedifferentrainfallpatterns.Elec
8、tricitygridsmighthavetobestrengthenedtodealwithdemandsurgesduringheatwaves.Coastalinfrastructure,includingseaports,powerstations,ro
