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1、倒装 在英语中最基本的语序是“主语+谓语+其他”,即:Who+ do+what+how+where+when。而且这个语序还十分固定。如果把主语后面的某一部分提到它前面,这就是倒装(Inversion)。没有按照正常顺序排列句子成分,叫广义倒装。如果把谓语动词全部或部分放在主语的前面,叫狭义倒装。我们这里讨论的就是后者。如果谓语动词全部放到主语前面(主要适用于一般现在时和一般过去时,其他时态不能使用)叫完全倒装。如果是助动词或是情态动词放在主语前面,行为动词放在主语后面,叫部分倒装。 【例】
2、In came the headmaster, followed by a group of teachers. 校长走了进来,后面跟着一群老师。(完全倒装) There goes the bell.(完全倒装) Never shall I do that again.(部分倒装) Would you like to say something?(部分倒装) 1.倒装的意义 (1)适应一定语法结构的需要,主要是指表达疑问句结构的需要。 【例】 How can I get to the railwa
3、y station? (2)为了强调某一部分,而把这部分放在了句首,引起倒装。 【例】 Only in this way can we learn English well. So early did he come to school that no other children came. (3)为了保持句子平衡。 【例】 Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island. “Me, too,”said the boy an
4、xiously. 2.英语倒装结构的几种情况 (1)“某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式,需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有:here, there, now, then, out, in, down, up, away等),表示强调。主语是代词时,不必倒装。 【例】 Out rushed the boy. Down came her brown wave. (2)表示方位的短语放在句首,后面一般使用倒装语序。 【例】 West of the lake lies the famous city. (3
5、) There be+主语+地点。其中动词 be也可以是其他词,如 lie, stand等。 【例】 There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table. There in Greece lived a famous thinker, named Aristotle. (4)如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的,而且主语是名词时,需要完全倒装;主语是代词时,一般不用倒装。 【例】 “Let's go!”said the captain. “T
6、ake off your boots!”ordered the guard. (5)为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文 紧密衔接时。 【例】 They arrived at an old church, in front of which stood a big crowd of people. (6)用于so开头的句子,表示重复前面相同内容,意为“也怎么样”。另外,在结果状语从句句型: so…that…中,如果强调so…放在句首,主句需要部分倒装。 【例】 I often go
7、out for a walk after supper. So does she. 我经常在晚饭后出去散步,她也这样。 So excited was she at the news that she couldn't say a word. 听到这个消息,她是如此激动,以致一句话也说不出来。 (7)用于nor, neither开头的句子,表示重复前面相同内容,“也不怎么样”。 【例】 Li Lei can't answer the question. Neither can I. If you d
8、on't wait for him, nor shall I. (8)only放在句首,强调状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句等),语序要部分倒装。 【例】 Only in this way can we get in touch with them. Only because he was ill was he absent from school. 注意:only放在句首,强调主语时,语序不必倒装。 【例】 Only Mr wang knows abut it. (9)带有否定意义