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1、APreliminaryStudyofEnglish-ChineseTranslation’sPrinciplesandtheProblemsChapterOneIntroductionofTranslation1.1DefinitionsofTranslationWhatistranslation?TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(牛津英语词典)givestranslatethisdefinition:toturnfromonelanguageintoanother(从一种语言换
2、成另一种语言);TheWebster’sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryofEnglishLanguage(韦氏新编国际英语词典)givestranslatethisdefinition:toturnintoone’sownoranotherlanguage(转换成本族语或另一种语言)。Althoughthereisalittledifferencebetweenthetwo,theyexpressthesamemeaningthattranslationisaactiv
3、ityabout“languageexchange”.Translationisanart,abilingualart.Translationenablesustoreproducethefinethoughtofsomeone,notincolors,butinwords,inwordsofadifferentlanguage.Translationisnotaeasyjob,itsdifficultyisgreatlymultipliedbythewidedifferenceinvocabular
4、yandsentenceconstructionbetweentheOrientalandOccidentallanguages.Translationisdifficulttobemastered.Manyexperiencedtranslatorscomplainthattheyhavehadinsurmountabledifficultiesintheirwork.Indeed,fewpeoplecantranslateabookwithoutmoreorlessmakingmistakes.A
5、sweknow,translationisarepresentationorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.Strictlyspeaking,translationisakindofsciencebecauseIthasawholesetofrulesgoverningitandcertainobjectivelawstogobyintheprocessoftranslatingjustasotherscien
6、cedo,forintranslation,certainskillsandtechniqueareneededinordertoattainclearnessofstyle,andfluencyinlanguage.EnglishandChinesearetwoentirelydifferentlanguages.Eachhasanindividualanddistinctsystem.Ontheonehand,therearesomesimilaritiesbetweenthetwolanguag
7、es,asinthewordorderofsubjectandpredicateandthatoftransitiveverbandobject.Ontheotherhand,therearelotsofdissimilaritiesbetweenthembothinmorphologyandinsyntax.Becauseofthis,wehavetobefamiliarwithbothlanguages,especiallywiththewidedifferenceinvocabulary,gra
8、mmaticalrelationsandsentenceconstructionbetweenthesetwolanguages.Translationenablesustoreproducethefinethoughtofanauthorinwordsofadifferentlanguage.Atranslatormustbequiteathomeinthetwolanguagesconcernedandquitefamiliarwiththeirch