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1、知识点总结组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。1、主语主语是一个句子的主题。主语的位置①陈述句中,一般在一句之首。Theymanagedtorescueallthepeopleintheflood.②疑问句、倒装句中,一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。Upwentthearrowintotheair.Whydotheymoveandburnmoreoftheforest?Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeoplewhoaredisabled
2、tofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.③祈使句中,往往省略。Takethismoneyandbuyyourselfsomemorebooks.(句首省略了you)④Therebe结构中,在be之后。AroundtheareaofAswantherearealotofimportantoldtemples,whichdatefromabout1250BC.2、谓语谓语在句子中说明主语的动作,主语具有的特征或所处的状态。(1)由
3、简单动词构成的谓语TheystartedtouseEnglish,buttheyalsobroughtinsomewordsfromtheirownlanguages.(2)由动词短语构成的谓语Dr.Manetterealizedthatthesistermusthavebeenverybadlytreated.3、表语表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况,它位于连系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。表语的位置①通常位于连系动词之后,但下列情况下,置于连系动词之前。为了强调表语。InthenorthisScotl
4、and,withitscapitalEdinburgh.北面是苏格兰,首都是爱丁堡。②由How/What引出的感叹句中Whatacurioushotelitwas!③某些让步状语从句中Childastheboywas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.④“the+比较级…,the+比较级…结构中”。ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.英语你听得越多,就越容易听懂。4、宾语宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。宾语表示法①名词用作宾语。Bobaske
5、dalltheairlinestoflythepopstarsforfree.②代词用作宾语。Itpickeditupinitsmouthandcarrieditintothebushes.③数词用作宾语。Canadacoverssixoftheworld''s24timeareas.④名词化的形容词用作宾语。She''salwayshelpingthepoorerthanherself.⑤副词用作宾语。Sincethenthenumberofmiludeertherehasgreatlyincreased.⑥不定式用
6、作宾语Ijustdidn''twishtoputyoutothetroubleofchangingalargenote.⑦动名词作宾语或名词化分词(主要是过去分词)作宾语Whenshehadfinishedlisteningtothenews,Mrs.Cousinsturnedofftheradio.⑧句子用作宾语Isuggestthatyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.直接宾语和间接宾语可具有这种双宾语的及物动词有:bring,fetch,give,hand,l
7、eave,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,read,refuse,show,sing,teach,tell,write,buy,find,get,make,envy,return,sell等。Idon''tenvyyouyourjob.5、补足语补足语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。用作补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、介词短语等。Hepersuadedotherpeopletoprovidemoneyortogivehelp.Ithinkyou''llfindt
8、hesematerialsmuchbetterandmuchmoresuitable.Thelioncouldstillbeseeninthebusheseatingthemeat.Thissongisthoughttobemostpopular.6、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词,说明人或物的状态、品质、数量等。定语表示法Itwas