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1、ThesimilaritiesanddifferencesinlinguisticscharacteristicsbetweentheAmericanmediaandChinesemediatowardstheHu’sstate1.IntroductionCriticalDiscourseAnalysis,alsocalledCriticalLinguistics,CriticalLanguageStudyorLinguisticsCriticism,itwasproposedin1979byHodge,Fowler,TrewKress,e
2、talinthebookLanguageandPower.Criticallinguisticshasnearly20years’history.ItisonthephilosophicalbasisofFrankfurtschool'swesternMarxist,anditisabranchofwesterncriticaltheoryinlinguisticsrespect.CriticallinguisticsisbasedonthetheoryofEdwardSapirandBenjaminLeeWhorf’s"languager
3、elatedtheory"and"languagedeterminism”,andHalliday’sSystemic-FunctionalGrammar(SFG)theory.Itisoneofthemaintasksofcriticallinguisticstorevealtherelationshipbetweenideologyandlanguage,withappropriatelinguisticstheoryanalyzingpublicdiscourse.Hallidaycalleditas"autonomouslingui
4、stics"whichisoutside"instrumentallinguistics”.Itsstatushasuniversallyacknowledgedbylinguisticsschools.TheresearchofcontemporaryCriticalDiscourseAnalysiswasdevelopedinthelate1970sfromCriticalLinguistics,whichwasmainlycreatedbyBritainandAustralia.In1991,theterm"criticallingu
5、istic"wascompiledintoCrystal’sDictionaryofLinguisticsandPhonetics,anditwasexplainedindetailbyMalmkjaerinLinguisticsEncyclopedia.Atpresent,moreandmorescholarsareapplyingCDAtostudynewsreports,especiallypoliticalnewsreports,forexample,KouJie’sCriticalDiscourseAnalysisofPoliti
6、calNewsReportsinAmericanandBritishNewspapersandHilaryJanks’sCriticalDiscourseAnalysisasaResearchTool.TherearealsosomescholarsanalyzingSino-USrelationbystudyeconomicnewsreportswithCDA,butuntilnow,noscholarsstudyreportsaboutHu’sstatevisittoUSwithCDA.2．LiteratureReviewCritica
7、lDiscourseAnalysis(CDA),asamethodofDiscourseAnalysis,developsrapidlysinceitwasproposed.However,itdoesn’thaveitsownspecializedtheoriesor-14-framework.AlthoughtheschoolsaboutCDAarevarious,theyhaveanidenticalgoal---toexposetheideology’sinfluencetoutterances,theutterances’coun
8、teractivetoideology,andhowthetwoelementsrootinandservethesocialstructureandpowerrelation.
